Table 2.
Summary of studies for CQ2 (nuclear medicine imaging)
| References | Study Design | Patient | Exposure | Comparison | Outcome | Reference standard |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tie 2008 [19] | Retrospective case series (consecutive) | 19 HGGs (7 GBMs, 7 AAs, 5 AOs) (21 exams) | 201Tl-SPECT Visual assessment | MRI | Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 82.4% Accuracy 85.7% |
9 Histological and12 clinical diagnosis (clinical and MRI F/U ≦6 mos) |
| Gomez-Rio 2008 [36] | Prospective cohort study | Gliomas (44 HGGs, 32 LGGs) |
201Tl-SPECT Visual assessment (blind review) |
Tl-SPECT + MRI vs FDG-PET + MRI |
Sensitivity 85.7% Specificity 92.7% Accuracy 90.8% |
23 Histological and 53 clinical diagnosis (F/U image) |
| Kahn 1994 [37] | Prospective cohort study | 17 Gliomas, 1 Met, 1 esthesioblastoma | 201Tl-SPECT Tl index | Sensitivity 40.0% Specificity 68.8% Accuracy 61.9% |
5 Histological and 14 clinical diagnosis (clinical F/U) (blinded review) | |
|
18F-FDG-PET PET grade (visual assessment) |
Sensitivity 40.0% Specificity 81.3% Accuracy 71.4% |
|||||
| Matsunaga 2013 [38] | Retrospective case series | 27 Gliomas, 48 Mets (107 lesions) |
201Tl-SPECT Retention index ≤0.775 (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 83.3% Specificity 83.1% Accuracy 83.2% |
19 Histological and 88 clinical diagnosis (clinical and MRI F/U) |
| Stokkel 1999 [39] | Prospective cohort study | 16 Gliomas |
201Tl-SPECT Tl uptake index |
Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 100.0% Accuracy 100.0% |
2 Histological and14 clinical diagnosis (clinical and imaging F/U of 12 mos) | |
|
18F-FDG-PET FDG grade (5-point scale) |
Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 66.7% Accuracy 75.0% |
|||||
| Yamamoto 2002 [40] | Retrospective case series | 14 Gliomas, 4 Mets, 1 ML, 1 MM, 1 HPC |
201Tl-SPECT L/N < 2.4 (retrospective) |
Sensitivity 83.3% Specificity 93.3% Accuracy 90.5% |
10 Histological and 11 clinical diagnosis (F/U MRI for 10 mos) | |
| Tc-MIBI –SPECT L/N < 5.89 (retrospective) |
Sensitivity 83.3% Specificity 93.3% Accuracy 90.5% |
|||||
| Le Jeune 2006 [41] | Retrospective case series | 81 Gliomas | Tc-MIBI –SPECT L/N < 2.0 (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 93.2% Specificity 90.3% Accuracy 91.5% |
14 Histological (14 B) and 67 clinical diagnosis (clinical and image F/U ≥ 6 mos) |
| Barai 2004 [42] | Retrospective case series (consecutive) | 73 Glioma |
99mTc-GHA-SPECT GHA index (L/N) < 2.0 (retrospective) (blind review) |
None | Sensitivity 81.0% Specificity 98.1% Accuracy 93.2% |
Clinical diagnosis (clinical F/U) in all 73 patients |
| Belohlávek 2003 [43] | Retrospective case series (consecutive) | 25 Mets (57 lesions) |
18F-FDG-PET Visual assessment (blind review) |
MRI | Sensitivity 93.9% Specificity 75.0% Accuracy 92.2% |
3 Histological and 54 clinical diagnosis (clinical and imaging F/U ≤ 26 weeks) |
| Chao 2001 [44] | Retrospective case series | 15 Glioma, 32 Mets 44 lesions (8 glioma, 36 Mets) |
18F-FDG-PET Visual assessment |
None | Sensitivity 81.3% Specificity 75.0% Accuracy 77.3% |
17 Histological and 27 clinical diagnosis (imaging F/U of 5.6 mos) |
| Horky 2011 [45] | Retrospective case series (consecutive) | 32 Mets 25 patients with 27 lesions, 28 scans |
18F-FDG-PET L/N SUVmax change over time (ROC cutoff ≤ 0.19) (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 94.7% Accuracy 96.7% |
17 Histological and 13 clinical diagnosis (MRI F/U ≥ 6 mos) |
| Karunanithi 2013 [46] | Prospective cohort study | 28 Gliomas |
18F-FDG-PET Visual assessment (T/W ratio ≤ 0.9) (retrospective) (blind review) |
18F-DOPA-PET | Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 47.6% Accuracy 60.7% |
4 Histological and 24 clinical diagnosis (clinical and imaging F/U) |
| Ozsunar 2010 [47] | Prospective cohort study | 30 Gliomas 26 PET evaluations |
18F-FDG-PET Visual assessment (blind review) |
ASL imaging, DSCE-CBV imaging | Sensitivity 90.0% Specificity 81.3% Accuracy 84.6% |
Histological diagnosis in all 35 evaluations |
| Takenaka 2014 [48] | Retrospective case series (consecutive) |
50 Gliomas |
18F-FDG-PET L/N ratio ≤ 1.26 (retrospective) |
11C-Cho-PET | Sensitivity 75.0% Specificity 76.5% Accuracy 76.0% |
Histological diagnosis in all 50 patients |
|
11C-MET-PET L/N ratio ≤ 2.51 (retrospective) |
11C-Cho-PET | Sensitivity 87.5% Specificity 91.2% Accuracy 90.0% |
||||
| Tan 2011 [49] | Retrospective case series |
37 Gliomas, 15 Mets, 1 neuroblastoma, 1 lymphoma, 1 germinoma |
18F-FDG-PET visual assessment |
11C-Cho-PET | Sensitivity 62.5% Specificity 76.9% Accuracy 72.7% |
17 Histological and 38 clinical diagnosis (3-m interval MRI F/U ≥ 11 mos) |
| Okamoto 2011 [50] | Retrospective case series | 29 Gliomas and Mets 33 lesions |
11C-MET-PET L/N ratio ≤ 1.4 (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 90.0% Specificity 91.3% Accuracy 90.9% |
14 Histological and 19 clinical diagnosis (MRI over 2 yrs) |
| Tsuyuguchi 2004 [51] | Retrospective case series | 11 HGGs (8 GBMs, 3 AAs) |
11C-MET-PET Visual assessment |
Health volunteers | Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 60.0% Accuracy 81.8% |
8 Histological and 3 clinical diagnosis (clinical and MRI F/U ≥ 5 mos) |
| Yamane 2010 [52] | Retrospective case series (consecutive) | 80 brain neoplasms (47scans) | 11C-MET-PET visual assessment | None | Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 88.1% Accuracy 89.4% |
30 Histological and 34 clinical diagnosis (clinical and imaging F/U of 435 days) |
| Terakawa 2008 [53] | Retrospective case series |
26 Gliomas, 51 Mets 88 PETs |
11C-MET-PET L/Nmean ratio Met ≤ 1.41 Glioma ≤ 1.58 (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 75.0% Specificity 77.5% Accuracy 76.1% |
44 Histological and 44 clinical diagnosis (MRI F/U ≥ 6mos) |
| Saginoya 2012 [54] | Retrospective case series | 14 gliomas, 23 Mets, 2 lymphoma (49 scans) |
11C-MET-PET L/N ratio ≤ 1.33 (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 72.0% Accuracy 85.7% |
Histological and clinical diagnosis (imaging F/U ≥ 6 mos) |
| Kawai 2008 [55] | Retrospective case series | 11 HGGs (13 scans), 14 Mets (15 scans) |
11C-MET-PET SUVmax ≤ 2.5 (glioma) (retrospective) |
18F-FLT-PET | Sensitivity 77.8% Specificity 76.9% Accuracy 77.3% |
12 histological and 10 clinical diagnosis (MRI F/U ≥ 1 yr) |
| Sunada 2001 [56] | Retrospective case series | 26 Mets (33 lesions) | 11C-MET-PET visual assessment, T/N ratio | None | Sensitivity 83.3% Specificity 100.0% Accuracy 90.9% |
7 histological and 26 clinical diagnosis (imaging F/U ≥ 6 mos) |
| Pӧpperl 2004 [57] | Retrospective case series | 53 Gliomas (27 GIVs, 16 GIIIs, 9 GIIs, 1 GI) |
18F-FET-PET SUVmax/BG ratio ≤ 2.0 (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 100.0% Accuracy 100.0% |
27 histological and 26 clinical diagnosis (clinical F/U of 34 mos) |
| Rachinger 2005 [58] | Retrospective case series (consecutive) | 45 Gliomas (22 GIVs, 12 GIIIs, 10 GIIs, 1 GI) |
18F-FET-PET SUV MAX ≤ 2.2 (prospective) |
MRI | Sensitivity 92.9% Specificity 100.0% Accuracy 97.8% |
32 histological and 13 clinical diagnosis (clinical F/U) |
| Galldiks 2012 [59] | Retrospective case series (consecutive) | 31 Mets (40 lesions) |
18F-FET-PET TBR(tumor-to-brain ratio) mean ≤ 1.95 (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 90.5% Specificity 73.7% Accuracy 82.5% |
11 histological and 29 clinical diagnosis (clinical and MRI F/U of 12 mos) |
| Miyashita 2008 [60] | Retrospective case series | 38 Gliomas, 2 Mets, 2 Head and Neck cancers (49 scans) |
18F-BPA-PET L/Nmean ratio ≤ 2.5 (retrospective) |
None | Sensitivity 100.0% Specificity 97.2% Accuracy 98.0% |
44 histological and 5 clinical diagnosis (MRI F/U > 4 mos) |