Table 1.

Descriptive Characteristics ($\overline{X}$±SD)

	Pre-Supplementation			Post-Supplementation
	Total	Upper	Lower	Total	Upper	Lower
MVIC (Nm)
Low Dose	376.1 ± 79.1	447.3 ± 45.8	311.5 ± 30.9	360.6 ± 95.3	431.9 ± 54.2	295.8 ± 76.3
High Dose	366.0 ± 53.5	409.8 ± 44.2	326.3 ± 18.0	335.3 ± 53.0	351.6 ± 59.7	320.5 ± 43.7
Placebo	366.3 ± 81.8	431.7 ± 60.5	306.8 ± 43.8	346.8 ± 63.6	370.4 ± 50.8	325.3 ± 68.5
% Decline MVIC
Low Dose	16.5 ± 9.5	19.8 ± 9.1	14.1 ± 9.5	16.0 ± 12.2	18.2 ± 9.8	14.0 ± 14.1
High Dose	14.1 ± 9.4	16.6 ± 10.8	11.8 ± 7.6	9.0 ± 6.9	9.0 ± 7.5	9.1 ± 6.6
Placebo	13.0 ± 10.1	12.4 ± 10.0	14.2 ± 11.1	14.2 ± 6.9	14.8 ± 6.2	13.8 ± 7.8
Peak Torque (Nm)
Low Dose	224.5 ± 49.0	267.4 ± 24.0	185.6 ± 28.0	253.0 ± 48.8	274.2 ± 28.6	233.7 ± 56.3
High Dose	231.8 ± 42.5	266.3 ± 20.3	200.5 ± 31.1	240.2 ± 43.4	264.0 ± 31.2	218.7 ± 42.7
Placebo	236.9 ± 56.3	283.3 ± 36.4	194.8 ± 32.1	246.1 ± 42.9	254.5 ± 43.2	238.5 ± 43.2
% Decline Peak Torque
Low Dose	44.6 ± 15.0	46.9 ± 16.6	42.5 ± 13.8	51.5 ± 15.5	49.3 ± 15.7	53.4 ± 15.9
High Dose	42.0 ± 16.8	41.2 ± 19.4	42.7 ± 15.0	46.5 ± 16.5	50.0 ± 13.2	43.4 ± 19.2
Placebo	38.1 ± 18.9	42.2 ± 19.6	34.4 ± 18.3	41.2 ± 16.4	50.6 ± 15.6	39.7 ± 18.1
HYP (μg·mL− 1)
Low Dose	2.25 ± 1.1	3.11 ± 0.9	1.48 ± 0.3	1.89 ± 0.8	2.38 ± 0.9	1.45 ± 0.5
High Dose	2.26 ± 0.8	2.87 ± 0.9	1.70 ± 0.1	1.66 ± 0.7	1.50 ± 0.6	1.81 ± 0.8
Placebo	2.12 ± 0.9	2.80 ± 0.8	1.50 ± 0.3	2.02 ± 0.9	2.40 ± 0.9	1.68 ± 0.6
% Change HYP
Low Dose	9.63 ± 27.8	11.5 ± 34.0	7.2 ± 23.3	20.3 ± 70.2	5.5 ± 65.2	32.9 ± 78.9
High Dose	15.6 ± 32.9	23.6 ± 33.8	4.8 ± 31.3	24.0 ± 62.1	39.8 ± 83.1	11.2 ± 33.2
Placebo	17.2 ± 47.7	4.3 ± 35.7	41.1 ± 50.7	29.7 ± 92.0	0.81 ± 57.6	60.7 ± 115.7