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. 2019 Feb 6;19:29. doi: 10.1186/s12890-019-0791-0

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — Inflammation response and mucus secretion in the lung specimens. Representative photomicrographs of HE staining in airways from non-smokers without COPD (a), smokers without COPD (b) and smokers with COPD (c). Representative photomicrographs of AB-PAS staining from non-smokers without COPD (d), smokers without COPD (e) and smokers with COPD (f). Scale bars = 50 μm. Percentage of PAS-positive cells in all the airways in the three groups (g). *p < 0.05, compared with the non-smokers group, **p < 0.05, compared with the smokers without COPD group