Fig. 3.

TGF-β signalling pathway and BAMBI expression and inducibility of monocyte-derived M2 macrophages in COPD patients. a. The concentration of the TGF-β1 in the HC, HS and COPD groups. b. WB analysis of TGF-βRI/II, p-SMAD2/3 and SMAD2/3 in the HC, HS and severe and very severe COPD groups. c. Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of BAMBI in monocyte-derived M2 macrophages in the HC, HS and COPD groups. d. The relative inducibility of M2 macrophages for Tregs in the HC, HS and COPD groups (fold change relative to the control). e. Ratio of CD86 + M1/CD163 + M2 macrophages in the HC, HS and COPD groups. f. The Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of BAMBI was negatively correlated with FEV1% in the COPD patients (n = 20). *P < 0.05; ^† P < 0.05, ^†† P < 0.05, ^††† P < 0.05 (COPD group vs HC group); ^#P < 0.05, ^###P < 0.05 (COPD group vs HS group)