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. 2019 Feb 6;20:26. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-0988-z

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Overexpression of BAMBI facilitates the conversion of M2 to M1 cells through the TGF- β/SMAD signalling pathway. a. Transfection of pCMV-BAMBI into macrophages was validated by RT-PCR and WB. GAPDH was used as an endogenous control. b. Change in the phenotype characteristic between the BAMBI-upregulated macrophage (BUM) group and M2 macrophage group. c. The ability to induce the differentiation of CD4+ naïve T cells to Tregs in the BUM group and M2 cell group. d. Concentration of TGF-β1 in the BUM group and M2 cell group. e. The protein expression levels of TGF-βRI, TGF-βRII and p-SMAD2/3 in BUM group and M2 cell group. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001