Table 2.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes stratified by clinical symptoms
| Characteristic | Typical pancreatitis symptoms, n = 32 | No typical pancreatitis symptoms, n = 50 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Median time from immune checkpoint inhibitor initiation to peak lipase value (interquartile range) | 107 days (3-511) | 116 days (8-699) | 0.520 |
| Baseline risk factors | |||
| History of smoking | 14 (44) | 21 (42) | 1.000 |
| Alcohol consumption | 12 (38) | 23 (46) | 0.498 |
| Type II diabetes mellitus | 6 (19) | 15 (30) | 0.307 |
| Drug allergy | 22 (69) | 29 (58) | 0.360 |
| Prior history of pancreatitis | 6 (19) | 1 (2) | 0.013 |
| Pancreatic metastasis | 6 (19) | 5 (10) | 0.325 |
| Mean biochemistry peak value (standard deviation) | |||
| Lipase | 3227 U/L (3563) | 1989 U/L (1479) | 0.032 |
| Amylase | 378 U/L (335) | 270 U/L (217) | 0.082 |
| Computed tomography findings of pancreatitis | 8 (25) | 3 (6) | 0.055 |
| Hemodynamic instability | 0.214 | ||
| Pancreatitis only | 5 (16) | 2 (4) | |
| Other reasons | 6 (19) | 12 (24) | |
| Fever | 6 (19) | 1 (2) | 0.013 |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy discontinued | 24 (75) | 23 (46) | 0.012 |
| Treatment for pancreatitis | |||
| Intravenous fluids | 23 (72) | 9 (18) | <0.001 |
| Fluid amounta | 3.9 L (1.4 L) | 3.9 L (3.1 L) | 0.995 |
| Steroids | 0.008 | ||
| For pancreatitis only | 9 (28) | 2 (4) | |
| For other reasons also | 5 (16) | 15 (30) | |
| Mean time from peak lipase value to improvement to grade 1 (standard deviation) | 55 days (54) | 53 days (48) | 0.877 |
| Outcomesb | 2 (6) | 9 (18) | 0.188 |
| Pancreatic pseudocyst | 2 (6) | 1 (2) | 0.557 |
| Hospitalization | 15 (47) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 1 (3) | 1 (2) | 1.000 |
| Chronic pancreatitis features | 1 (3) | 2 (4) | 1.000 |
| Recurrence | 1 (3) | 3 (6) | 1.000 |
aThe amount of intravenous fluid administered within 48 hours after the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pancreatic injury was recorded.
bIncluding short-term outcomes (pancreatic pseudocyst and hospitalization) and long-term outcomes (diabetes, chronic pancreatitis features, and recurrence)