Table 4.
Clinical characteristics of patients who had adverse outcomes of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pancreatic injury (chronic pancreatitis, diabetes, and recurrence)
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adverse outcomes, n = 11 | No adverse outcomes, n = 71 | ||
| Mean duration of ICI therapy (standard deviation) | 412 days (361) | 200 days (197) | 0.006 |
| Checkpoint inhibitor type | 0.739 | ||
| CTLA-4–based therapya | 3 (27) | 26 (37) | |
| PD-1/L1 monotherapy | 8 (73) | 45 (63) | |
| Clinical presentation | |||
| Epigastric pain | 2 (18) | 30 (42) | 0.188 |
| Nausea and vomiting | 2 (18) | 21 (30) | 0.720 |
| Fever | 1 (9) | 6 (8) | 1.000 |
| Dyspnea | 0 (0) | 17 (24) | 0.109 |
| Hemodynamic instability | 1 (9) | 24 (34) | 0.159 |
| Mean peak lipase value (standard deviation) | 1700 U/L (636) | 2592 U/L (2723) | 0.285 |
| Computed tomography findings of pancreatitis | 1 (9) | 10 (14) | 1.000 |
| Mean duration from peak lipase value to improvement to grade 1b (standard deviation) | 59 days (33) | 53 days (53) | 0.693 |
| Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy resumption | 7 (64) | 28 (39) | 0.191 |
| Treatment for pancreatitis treatment | |||
| Hospitalization | 1 (9) | 14 (20) | 0.679 |
| Intravenous fluids | 1 (9) | 31 (44) | 0.044 |
| Fluid amountc | 2.1 L (-)d | 3.9 L (2.0) | 0.382 |
| Steroids | 5 (45) | 26 (37) | 0.740 |
aCTLA-4–based therapy included CTLA-4 monotherapy and combination of CTLA-4 and PD-1/L1 agents.
bImprovement was defined as return of lipase value to grade 1.
cThe amount of intravenous fluid administered within 48 hours after the onset of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pancreatic injury.
dOnly one patient had data available