Table 2.
Selected procedure characteristics and complication rates
| Author (Country) | Performer | Needle Gauge | No. of Needle Passes | Duration of Postbiopsy Monitoring | Gross Hematuria | Hematoma | Blood Transfusion | Arteriovenous Fistula | Cystoscopy/Embolization/Surgery | Loss of Kidney |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shah et al. (PK) (25) | PN, T | 16, 18a | NR | 8 h | 6 | 0 | 3 | NR | 0 | 0 |
| Rianthavorn et al. (15) (TH) | PN | 16 | 2–3 | 24 h | 46 | 58 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Franke et al. (16) (DE) | PN, T | 14, 16a | 1–3b | 24c; 4 hd | 5 | 6 | 3 | 7 | 6 | 0 |
| Yu et al. (17) (CN) | PN | 18 | 2 | >8 h | 3 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gülcü et al. (18) (TR) | PN and R | 14 (97%); 16 (3%) | 1.8e | 24 h | 3 | 33 | 7 | 13 | 5 | 0 |
| Hirano et al. (19) (JP) | PN, T | 16 | NR | 72 h | 7 | 33 | NR | NR | NR | 0 |
| Tøndel et al. (3) (NO) | PR, R | 14 (18%); 16 of 18 (82%) | NR | NR | 11 | 58 | 1 | NR | 1 | 0 |
| Printza et al. (20) (GR) | NR | 16, 18a | 2 | 12 h | NR | 9 | 0 | NR | 0 | NR |
| Hussain et al. (9) (UK) | R, T | 16, 18a | NR | NR | 39 | NR | 4 | NR | 1 | 0 |
| Skalova and Rejtar (4) (CZ) | PN | NR | NR | 24 h | 5 | 30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Demircin et al. (21) (TR) | NR | NR | NR | 24 h | 18 | 84 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Piotto et al. (22) (BR) | T | 16 (18%); 18 (82%) | 3.1e | 24 h | 17 | 26 | 0 | NR | 0 | 0 |
| Sweeney et al. (26) (CA) | PN and IR | 18 | 2 | 6–8 h | 8 | NR | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Al Makdama et al. (30) (SA) | PN, T | 18 | NR | 4–6; 12 h | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Nammalwar et al. (5) (IN) | NR | NR | NR | 24 h | 42 | 15 | 1f | NR | 1f | 1f |
| Sinha et al. (28) (UK) | PN, T | 14, 16, 18a | NR | 24 h | 13 | NR | 1 | NR | NR | 0 |
| Vidhun et al. (27) (US) | PN | 16; 18a | 2–3 | NR | 9 | 44 | 0g | NR | 0 | 0 |
| Sumboonnanonda et al. (31) (TH) | PN, T | 13 | 1–4 | 72 h | 21 | 1 | 2 | NR | 1 | NR |
| Kersnik Levart et al. (23) (SI) | PN | 18 (98%)h | 2.1e | 24 h | 1 | 55 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Simckes et al. (7) (US) | PN, T | 14, 15a | 4 | 4–6 versus 24 h | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Benfield et al. (6) (US) | NR | NR | NR | NR | 6 | 1 | 2 | NR | 3 | 0 |
| Riccabona et al. (24) (AT) | NR | 14 | 2–3 | 48 h | NR | 46 | NR | 6 | 2 | 0 |
| Davis et al. (8) (US) | PN | 14, 15a | 1–2 | 23 h | 12 | 16 | 4 | NR | 0 | NR |
PK, Pakistan; PN, pediatric nephrologist; T, trainee; NR, not reported; TH, Thailand; DE, Germany; CN, China; TR, Turkey; R, radiologist; JP, Japan; PR, XXX; NO, Norway; GR, Greece; UK, United Kingdom; CZ, Czech Republic; BR, Brazil; CA, Canada; IR, interventional radiologist; SA, Saudi Arabia; IN, India; US, United States; SI, Slovenia; AT, Austria.
a
Percentages of each gauge not reported.
b
Most were from one to three; the range was from one to seven.
c
1997–2003.
d
2003–2011.
e
Average value reported.
f
Same patient.
g
Two patients were reported to have received blood transfusions postbiopsy as part of standard care of underlying disease (not due to biopsy).
h
The other 2% was not reported.