Table 3.
Odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for beverage patterns and incident CKD
| Beverage Pattern | Modela | Categorical Analysis | Continuous Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | |||
| Alcohol | 1 | 1 [Ref] | 1.29 (0.90 to 1.85) | 1.04 (0.71 to 1.51) | 0.96 (0.83 to 1.11) |
| 2 | 1 [Ref] | 1.20 (0.68 to 1.74) | 1.09 (0.68 to 1.74) | 1.01 (0.86 to 1.18) | |
| 3 | 1 [Ref] | 1.22 (0.76 to 1.97) | 1.38 (0.83 to 2.30) | 1.12 (0.95 to 1.35) | |
| Fruit and vegetable juice | 1 | 1 [Ref] | 1.36 (0.93 to 1.97) | 1.31 (0.90 to 1.92) | 1.01 (0.89 to 1.15) |
| 2 | 1 [Ref] | 1.10 (0.73 to 1.65) | 1.05 (0.70 to 1.58) | 0.97 (0.83 to 1.13) | |
| 3 | 1 [Ref] | 1.26 (0.79 to 2.00) | 1.19 (0.75 to 1.90) | 1.01 (0.84 to 1.20) | |
| Diet beverages | 1 | 1 [Ref] | 0.82 (0.57 to 1.19) | 0.97 (0.67 to 1.38) | 1.04 (0.92 to 1.18) |
| 2 | 1 [Ref] | 0.82 (0.55 to 1.22) | 0.74 (0.50 to 1.09) | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.10) | |
| 3 | 1 [Ref] | 0.89 (0.57 to 1.39) | 0.80 (0.51 to 1.25) | 0.95 (0.79 to 1.14) | |
| Sugar-sweetened beverage | 1 | 1 [Ref] | 1.30 (0.88 to 1.93) | 1.80 (1.24 to 2.62) | 1.20 (1.07 to 1.34) |
| 2 | 1 [Ref] | 1.18 (0.77 to 1.82) | 1.61 (1.07 to 2.41) | 1.19 (1.05 to 1.35) | |
| 3 | 1 [Ref] | 1.19 (0.75 to 1.91) | 1.37 (0.86 to 2.16) | 1.18 (1.00 to 1.39) | |
Bolding denotes statistically significant results. Ref, reference value.
a
Model 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 was adjusted for total energy intake, age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity index, hypertension, diabetes, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, history of cardiovascular disease, and baseline eGFR. Model 3 was adjusted for all of the covariates in model 2 plus scores for a healthy dietary pattern and a Southern dietary pattern.