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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Feb 6.
Published in final edited form as: Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 Oct 8;59:213–236. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052811

Table 1.

Comparison of the human clinical effects of ketamine to other selective NMDAR antagonists tested for antidepressant actions

NMDAR antagonist Rapid onset (within hours) Robust separation from placebo Sustained action following a single administration
Ketamine/(S)-ketamine + + +
Memantine (namenda) − − −
AZD6765 (lanicemine) +/− − −
CP-101,606 (traxoprodil) − − +
MK-0657/CERC-301 (rislenemdaz) − − −

+ indicates consistently positive human clinical effects; − indicates a lack of human clinical effects; +/− indicates ambiguous effects between studies. Abbreviation: NMDAR, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.