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. 2019 Jan 30;5:339. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00339

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Copyright © 2019 Soltero-Rivera, Elliott, Hast, Shetye, Castejon-Gonzalez, Villamizar-Martinez, Stefanovski and Reiter.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Distribution of forces leading to fracture of 24 maxillary fourth premolar teeth harvested from domestic dog cadavers. The maximum force is normally distributed with a mean force of 1,281 N and a standard deviation of 403 N.