Lipid overlay analysis of signal peptide variants. Lipid binding was assessed for SP-AST variants: WT (a), Δ8–20 (b), Δ8–68 (c), ΔRK (d), Δ20–28 (e), Δ28–36 (f), Δ36–44 (g), and Δ60–68 (h) with PC, CL, PG, and MGDG using a lipid overlay assay and immunoblotting.