Skip to main content
. 2018 Dec 4;113(2):56–64. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/try124

Box 1.

Relationship between diabetes and susceptibility/increased disease severity for significant pathogens in low- and middle-income countries. See text for discussion of evidence.

Established increased susceptibility/severity (several good quality studies) Probable increased susceptibility/severity (some evidence) Further evidence of interaction needed (single or conflicting reports, or lack of data) Potential inverse interaction (single studies or more)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Mycobacterium leprae (leprosy) Plasmodium falciparum (malaria) Schistosoma species
Burkholderia pseudomallei (melioidosis) Orientia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus) Zika Strongyloides stercoralis
Gram-negative bacteria, especially E. coli and Klebsiella Hepatitis B Trypanosoma cruzi Wuchereria bancrofti (filariasis)
Staphylococcus aureus Hepatitis C
Streptococcal species Chikungunya
Influenza Varicella zoster
Dengue Human immunodeficiency virus
West Nile virus Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS)
Leishmania species