Table 1. Summary of the types, species, length scales and formation conditions of amyloid nanostructures.

Amyloid type	Species	Length scale	Assembly condition	Ref.
Oligomers	Lysozyme	Monomer to fibril	pH 3, 70 °C	257
	Cyclic peptide	Monomer, dimer, tetramer	20 mM PBS, pH 7	254
	KCKCLGDVIEV	6-mers/2.2 nm	—	262
	β2-Microglobulin	—	pH 7.5, 20 mM Tris	263
0D
NPs	PrP	17–27 nm	Self-assembly	265
NPs	Recom-PrP	20 nm	Self-assembly	266
NPs	Aβ1–40	15–30 nm	Self-aggregation	268
Sphere	FFF-peptide	10–13 nm	Self-assembly	269
Sphere	Aβ1–40	10–60 nm	Membrane-assembly	270
Loop	α-synu-A53T	H = 2–4 nm, D = 23–55 nm	Self-assembly	271
Loop	ApoC-II	H = 2.1 nm, W = 12 nm, D = 50–75 nm	Self-aggregation in PBS buffer	272
Triangle	ApoC-III	D = 35–77 nm	NaPi buffer	276
1D
Protofibril	β-Lactoglobulin	H = 3 nm, L = 500 nm	pH 2, 90 °C, D2O	240
Protofibril	Aβ1–42	13–28 nm	PBS, 37 °C	290
Protofibril	α-synuclein	L = 7.5, W = 2.5 nm	HEPES, 37 °C	291
Helical fibril	β-Lactoglobulin	L = 0.5–15 μm, H = 2–6 nm	pH 2, self-assembly	233
Fibril	TTR105–115	H = 7–16 nm, L = 1–3 μm	Acetone/water, pH 2	294
Ribbon	ILQINS	W = 63–87 nm, L = 5.57 μm	pH 2, 90 °C	297
Ribbon	β2Aβ2AKLVFF	W = 17.5 nm	Self-assembly	293 and 298
Cofibril	(FKFE)2	D = 8.2 ± 1.0 nm, L = a few 100 nm	Self-assembly in water	299
Ribbon	R3	W = 147 nm, L = a few μm	Self-assembly in buffer	301
Ribbon	hIAPP20–29	H = 7.4 nm, L = several 100 nm	Self-assembly	303
Nanotube	KI4K	D = 80–160 nm, L = a few μm	Self-assembly in water	311
Nanotube	Zn8R4	D = 20–48 nm, L = a few μm	Zn2+-Induced assembly	312
Nanotube	FF, Boc-FF	L = 10 μm	90 °C, H2O, assembly	313
Nanotube	CPT-Sup35	D = 123 ± 28 nm, L = a few μm	1 : 1 MeCN/H2O	314
2D
Film	Lysozyme	A few mm	Stacking	315
Film	β-Lactoglobulin	Adjustable	Filtration	316
Film	β-Lactoglobulin	Adjustable	Self-assembly at air–water interface	317
Nanosheet	Aβ16–22	H = 2.3 nm, W = 500 nm, L = a few μm	Self-assembly	323
Sheet	A6R	Thick = 3 nm, L/W = a few 100 nm	Self-assembly in solution	324
3D
Plaques	Aβ1–42	Several-100 μm	Aggregation	331
Multilayer	Ne-RGDFF-OH	Hydrogel	Assembly at pH 8/6.5	332
Microgels	Lysozyme	2–60 μm	Microdroplet	334