Table II.

Management of specific occurrences in patients with cancer-associated stroke.

Occurrence	Indicated treatment
Ischemic strokea	rTPA/IV thrombolysis
Brain hemorrhage	Evacuation, antineoplastic treatment
Vasogenic edema	Corticosteroids, tumor resection
Cerebral vein thrombosis	Observation, anticoagulation, mechanical clot thrombectomy, fibrinolytic or endovascular therapy
Acute venous thromboembolism	LMWH
Tumor-related venous occlusion	Brain radiation, chemotherapy, tumor resection
Leptomeningeal metastases	Irradiation, surgical extirpation, chemotherapy
Intravascular lymphomatosis	Chemotherapy
NBTE	Heparin, valvular repair or replacement
DIC	Categorizationb, platelet transfusion, fresh-frozen plasma, cryoprecipitate or fibrinogen concentrate administrationc, heparin or LMWHd

rTPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator; IV, intravenous; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparins; NBTE, non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis; DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation.

^aThe treatment can be applied even in patients with brain metastases or primary brain tumors;

^binto procoagulant, hyperfibrinolytic or subclinical;

^cdepending on the subtype and clinical needs;

^dnot for hyperfibrinolytic DIC.