Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics Stratified by Physical Activity Level
| Physical activity level (number of steps on non-dialysis day) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All (n=282) |
Tertile 1st < 2800 (n=94) | Tertile 2nd 2800 ≤, < 4854 (n=94) |
Tertile 3rd 4854 ≤ (n=94) |
P value | |
| Age, years | 64.8 ± 10.6 | 69.5 ± 9.7 | 64.2 ± 10.1 | 60.7 ± 10.2 | <0.001 |
| ≥ 65 years, % | 142 (50.4%) | 65 (69.1%) | 45 (47.9%) | 32 (34.0%) | <0.001 |
| Men, % | 154 (54.6%) | 54 (57.4%) | 50 (53.2%) | 50 (53.2%) | 0.795 |
| Height, m | 1.59 ± 0.09 | 1.59 ± 0.09 | 1.59 ± 0.08 | 1.60 ± 0.09 | 0.428 |
| Dry weight, kg | 54.3 ± 10.9 | 53.6 ± 11.0 | 54.8 ± 10.9 | 54.4 ± 10.9 | 0.742 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 21.3 ± 3.3 | 21.2 ± 3.3 | 21.6 ± 3.4 | 21.1 ± 3.1 | 0.529 |
| Time on hemodialysis, years | 7.0 ± 7.8 | 5.7 ± 7.4 | 7.9 ± 8.3 | 7.4 ± 7.4 | 0.117 |
| Nutritional status | |||||
| Serum albumin, g/dL | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 0.005 |
| GNRI | 96.2 ± 6.2 | 94.8 ± 6.2 | 96.7 ± 6.2 | 97.1 ± 6.0 | 0.029 |
| GNRI < 91 (%) | 51 (19.3%) | 22 (25.0%) | 15 (17.9%) | 14 (15.2%) | 0.231 |
| ESRD primary cause (%) | |||||
| Diabetes | 93 (33.0%) | 42 (44.7%) | 28 (29.8%) | 23 (24.5%) | 0.028 |
| Hypertension | 24 (8.5%) | 9 (9.6%) | 8 (8.5%) | 7 (7.4%) | |
| GN/cystic kidney disease | 94 (33.3%) | 22 (23.4%) | 30 (31.9%) | 42 (44.7%) | |
| Other | 71 (25.2%) | 21 (22.3%) | 28 (29.8%) | 22 (23.4%) | |
| Comorbid conditions (%) | |||||
| ASHD | 65 (23.0%) | 23 (24.5%) | 17 (18.1%) | 25 (26.6%) | 0.354 |
| CHF | 33 (11.7%) | 15 (16.0%) | 11 (11.7%) | 7 (7.4%) | 0.193 |
| CVA/TIA | 53 (18.8%) | 25 (26.6%) | 17 (18.1%) | 11 (11.7%) | 0.032 |
| PVD | 41 (14.5%) | 22 (23.4%) | 9 (9.6%) | 10 (10.6%) | 0.011 |
| Other cardiac diseases | 48 (17.0%) | 18 (19.1%) | 16 (17.0%) | 14 (14.9%) | 0.74 |
| COPD | 14 (5.0%) | 7 (7.4%) | 4 (4.3%) | 3 (3.2%) | 0.376 |
| GI | 13 (4.6%) | 2 (2.1%) | 3 (3.2%) | 8 (8.5%) | 0.082 |
| Liver disease | 25 (8.9%) | 10 (10.6%) | 10 (10.6%) | 5 (5.3%) | 0.334 |
| Dysrhythmia | 48 (17.0%) | 22 (23.4%) | 11 (11.7%) | 15 (16.0%) | 0.097 |
| Cancer | 35 (12.4%) | 12 (12.8%) | 10 (10.6%) | 13 (13.8%) | 0.796 |
| Diabetes | 113 (40.1%) | 45 (47.9%) | 35 (37.2%) | 33 (35.1%) | 0.16 |
| Comorbidity score | 4.9 ± 3.1 | 5.9 ± 2.9 | 4.6 ± 3.0 | 4.1 ± 3.0 | <0.001 |
| Number of steps (steps) | |||||
| 7-day | 3920 ± 2797 | 1497 ± 817 | 3381 ± 723 | 6882 ± 2713 | <0.001 |
| Non-dialysis day | 4337 ± 3160 | 1409 ± 751 | 3741 ± 607 | 7862 ± 2768 | <0.001 |
| Dialysis day | 3099 ± 4337 | 1639 ± 1372 | 2718 ± 1399 | 4940 ± 3553 | <0.001 |
| Energy expenditure of physical activity (kcal) | |||||
| 7-day | 83.8 ± 75.7 | 29.5 ± 18.7 | 68.7 ± 23.7 | 153.3 ± 91.3 | <0.001 |
| Non-dialysis day | 95.2 ± 84.7 | 27.5 ± 17.1 | 77.9 ± 23.2 | 180.1 ± 92.8 | <0.001 |
| Dialysis day | 68.7 ± 76.0 | 32.2 ± 29.7 | 56.6 ± 35.1 | 117.5 ± 107.0 | <0.001 |
Values are expressed as mean ± SD or number (percentage) of patients.
Abbreviations: GNRI, geriatric nutritional risk index; ESRD, end-stage renal disease; GN, glomerulonephritis; ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVA/TIA, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischemic attack; PVD, peripheral vascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI, gastrointestinal bleeding.