Figure 1. Picture and auditory naming tasks.

(A) Picture naming task: Patients were asked to look at and overtly name each object during extraoperative ECoG recording. At the end of each overt response, the examiner pressed the button to present the next stimulus following a cross in the center of the screen presented for 2 or 2.5 seconds. We then measured the percent change of high-gamma activity compared to that during the baseline period. The response time was defined as the period between stimulus onset and response onset. (B) Auditory naming task: Patients were asked to listen to a series of questions and to overtly verbalize a relevant answer for each question. The median duration across each question was 1,800 ms. At the end of each overt response, the examiner pressed the button to present the next stimulus following a silence of 2 or 2.5 seconds. The response time was defined as the period between stimulus offset and response onset.