Characterization of the optimal (A) temperature and (B) pH for activity of DGAS expressed in B. subtilis. (A) A temperature range of 30–55 °C was investigated (B) The following buffers and pHs were examined at 50 °C: Filled circle, sodium acetate pH 4.0–5.0; Open circle, sodium citrate pH 5.0–6.0; Filled inverted triangle, sodium phosphate pH 6.0–8.0; Open triangle, Tris–HCl pH 7.0–9.0; and Filled square, glycine–NaOH pH 9.0–10.0