Figure 3.

Major disturbances connecting the major perturbed pathways in nephrosclerosis: tyrosine, serine, and methionine metabolism. Filled figures are data from the current study, circles are metabolites, and rectangles are enzymes. Colored but open figures are based on literature findings in nephrosclerosis. Red is increased/upregulated, green is normal/unchanged, and blue is reduced/downregulated. ADMA, assymetric dimethylarginine; AHCY, adenosylhomocysteinase; BHMT, betaine-homocysteine methyl-transferase; CBS, cystathionine beta-synthase; COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase; CTH, cystathionase; DHFR, dihydrofolate reductase; DHPR, dihydropteridine reductase; DNMT, DNA methyltransferase; DOC; deoxycorticosterone; eNOS, endogenous nitric oxide synthase; L-DOPA, L-dihydroxyphenylalanine; MAO-A/B, monoamine oxidase A/B; MAT, methionine adenosyl-transferase; MS, methionine synthase; MTHFR, 5,10-methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase; NO, nitric oxide; n.s., not significant; PAH, phenylalanine-hydroxylase; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; RNLS, renalase; TCA, citric acid; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase.