Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants
| Gene expression studies (European Renal Biopsy Bank) |
Metabolomics studies (HUNT study) |
Metabolomics studies (SUGAR study) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy controls (n = 31) | Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (n = 20) | Healthy controls (n = 33) | Hypertensive nephrosclerosis (n = 62) | Healthy controls (n = 15) | Hypertensive non-DM CKD (n = 45) | |
| Age | 47.2 | 57.1 | 58.1 (11.3) | 59.7 (10.8) | 55.6 (11.8) | 61.5 (14.3) |
| Male gender (%) | 57 | 80 | 64 | 58 | 60 | 53 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | <140 | 146 (22.9) | 126.8 (12.2) | 141.9 (13.8) | 122.4 (14.1) | 134.4 (15.9) |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | <80 | 88 (13.5) | 73.1 (8.9) | 79.3 (10.9) | 77.2 (9.3) | 80.6 (9.7) |
| Cholesterol (mmol/l) | n.a. | 6.3 (1.0) | 5.9 (1.0) | 5.7 (1.0) | 5.2 (1.0) | 4.7 (1.1) |
| Current-smoker (%) | n.a. | n.a. | 25 | 11 | 7 | 20 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | n.a. | 29.1 (4.7) | 26.4 (3.5) | 28.6 (3.6) | 27.3 (5.9) | 30.3 (6.2) |
| Cardiovascular disease (%) | 0 | n.a. | 3 | 18 | 7 | 40 |
| DM (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2)a | 105.4 (30.9) | 40.9 (23.8) | 94.8 (14.2) | 67.1 (10.8) | 90.4 (18.0) | 36.0 (12.8) |
| eGFR ≥90 (%) | 76 | 0 | 57 | 0 | 47 | 0 |
| eGFR 75–89 (%) | 10 | 20 | 43 | 44 | 27 | 0 |
| eGFR 60–74 (%) | 14 | 0 | 0 | 27 | 27 | 0 |
| eGFR 45–59 (%) | 0 | 13 | 0 | 26 | 0 | 31 |
| eGFR 30–44 (%) | 0 | 27 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 33 |
| eGFR 15–29 (%) | 0 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 36 |
| u-ACR (mg/mmol) | <3.0 | 57 (56) | 1.3 (0.5) | 2.1 (1.6) | 0.8 (0.7) | 40.2 |
| ACR 0–2.9 (%) | 100 | 0 | 100 | 84 | 93 | 34 |
| ACR 3.0–29.9 (%) | 0 | 44 | 0 | 16 | 7 | 44 |
| ACR ≥30.0 (%) | 0 | 56 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 22 |
ACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio; BP, blood pressure; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HUNT, Nord-Trøndelag Health Study; SUGAR, Study of Glucose and Insulin in Renal Disease.
a
eGFR calculated using the CKD-Epidemiology collaboration equation.