Abnormal capillary topology in the sickle cell compared to control
mice. (a) The Euclidean between branch points, an indication of the
degree of vessel tortuosity, was significantly shorter in sickle
cell mice (p < 0.0001, Mann–Whitney test). (b)
Sickle cell mice also have significantly shorter capillary branch
length compared to controls (p = 0.0065,
Mann–Whitney U-test). Error bars represent mean ± SD, 1 − β = 0.99
in (a) and 0.99 in (b).