Table 1.

Technical terms used in this review

Terms	Explanation
EMI	Disturbance of CIEDs’ operation by induction of intracorporal voltage caused by electric, magnetic, or EMF
External EMF	EMF emitted by an electrical appliance, e.g. magnetic field (measured in T or A/m) or electric field (measured in V/m)
Induced voltage	Intracorporal voltage occurring at the terminals of a CIED induced by external EMF
Interference thresholds	Minimum field strength of an external EMF required to cause EMI
Disturbance/interfering signal	Noise signal that may disturb the regular operation of a CIED
CW, AM, PW, and pulses	Waveforms (CW, AM, PW, and pulses) of an external EMF or a disturbing/interfering signal; the waveform can significantly influence the response of a CIED
Detection level	Voltage of a disturbing/interfering signal which causes disturbance of CIEDs’ operation
Performance limits	Minimum detection levels of CIEDs defined in product standards, given in mV

A/m, Ampere/meter; AM, amplitude modulation; CIED, cardiovascular implantable electronic device; CW, continuous wave; EMF, electromagnetic fields; EMI, electromagnetic interference; mV, millivolts; PW, pulsed modulation; T, Tesla; V/m, Volt/meter.