Figure 1.

Effects of parental light treatment on the performance of central target plants in competitive arrays. (a) Design and labelling of competitive arrays (one of four factorial arrays is shown as an example): one parental sun (S) target plant is surrounded by five parental shade (SH) background plants of the same genotype. Means ± s.e. for each type of array are shown (pooled across 5 P. persicaria genotypes) for (b) number of days to reproductive onset and (c) lifetime reproductive output. Letters indicate significant differences based on post hoc Tukey's HSD tests (details in Methods). (Online version in colour.)