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. 2019 Jan 9;17(3):2615–2622. doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.9913

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Copyright: © Saad et al.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Figure 3. — Long term ethanol exposure and acetaldehyde treatment leads to dysregulation of PIWIL4 in vitro. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that ethanol and acetaldehyde treatment of normal OKF4 and OKF6 oral epithelial cell cultures increases the expression of PIWIL4 in both cell lines. Error bars represent standard deviation. Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. *P<0.05 vs. control. PIWI, P-element-induced wimpy testis; PIWIL4, PIWI-like protein 4.