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. 2019 Feb 5;14:1177271919829162. doi: 10.1177/1177271919829162

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Overview of the proposed key features of the construction of fraudulent manuscript series by paper mills using a ‘theme and variations’ approach. The ‘theme’ shown is an under-studied human gene which is examined in different cancer types to produce a number of manuscript ‘variations’. The existence of thousands of under-studied human genes means that this process could be repeated many times to produce large numbers of fraudulent manuscripts and ultimately publications.