Table 2.
Melatonin in stroke therapy studies.
| Authors | Stroke type | Animal model | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| Borlongan et al64 | Ischemic | Rat/MCAO/reperfusion injury | Pre- and post-perfusion melatonin administration enhanced glial cell survival |
| Borlongan et al65 | Ischemic | Rats/MCAO | Intrastriatal transplantation of the pineal gland from 2-month-old rats attenuated the middle-cerebral-artery-induced behavioral and morphological changes |
| Kondoh et al66 | Ischemic | Rats/MCAO | Melatonin reduced ischemia-induced edema |
| Lin et al67 | Ischemic | Rats/TFCI | Melatonin attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress |
| Lee et al68 | Ischemic | Rat/TFCI | Melatonin ensures preservation of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular unit |
| Lee et al69 | Ischemic | Rat/TFCI | Melatonin inhibits cellular inflammatory response |
| Alonso-Alconada et al58 | Ischemic | Rat/hypoxic ischemic injury | Neuroprotection (reduction in cell death, reactive astrogliosis, and white matter demyelination) |
| Yu et al71 | Ischemic | Mice/MCAO | Melatonin reduces oxidative/inflammatory stress |
| Reiter et al88 | Ischemic | Mice/MCAO | Melatonin reverses tissue-plasminogen-activator-induced brain injury |
| Letechipía-Vallejo et al97 | Ischemic | Rats/global cerebral ischemia | Melatonin preserves neural substrate, spatial learning, and memory |
| Wang et al73 | Ischemic | Rat/OGD | Melatonin decreases oxidative stress and protects against glutamate-induced toxicity |
| Ramos et al72 | Ischemic | Rat/OGD | Melatonin decreases OGD-induced oxidative stress |
| Cuzzocrea et al63 | Ischemic | Gerbils/MCAO | Melatonin improved survival and decreased neurodegeneration-induced hyperactivity |
| Sun et al74 | Ischemic | Rat/MCAO | Melatonin decreased infarct size and breaks in both DNA double and single strands |
| Pei et al78 | Ischemic | Rat/MCAO | Melatonin time-dependently decreased infarct volume and improved antioxidant status |
| Tan et al80 | Ischemic | Rat/MCAO | Melatonin pretreatment modulates stem cell survival and function |
| Yang et al77 | Ischemic | Mice/MCAO | Melatonin upregulates silent information regulator 1, increase antiapoptotic factor, and decreases pro-apoptotic factor activity |
| Wang et al76 | Ischemic | Mice/MCAO and OGD | Melatonin decreases oxidative stress and inhibits mitochondrial cytochrome C release |
MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; TFCI, transient focal cerebral ischemia; OGD, oxygen glucose deprivation.