Table 1.

Decision making parameters confirming the existence of VHD for most effective non-invasive investigations. ST = stress testing, CT = computer tomography, ECHO = Echocardiography, EROR = Effective Regurgitant Orifice Area (in mm²); RV = Regurgitant Volume (in ml/beat); MVPG = Mean Valve Pressure Gradient (in mm of Hg)

Intervention	AR	AS	PMR	SMR	MS	TR	TS	References
ST	Change in ejection fraction and stroke volume	MVPG > = 18	Quantitative methods for LV dysfunction	Quantitative methods for LV dysfunction	MVPG > = 10	–	MVPG > = 5	[60]
CT	Valve cusp characteristic	Degree of valve calcification and diminished aortic valve area	Thickened leaflet > 5 mm	–	Degree of valve calcification	–	–	[61]
ECHO	EROR > = 30; RV > =60	Degree of valve calcification	EROR > = 40; RV > =60	EROR > = 20; RV > =30	Valve area using planimetry	EROR > = 40; RV > =45	MVPG > = 5	[62, 63]