Table 1.
Characteristics of patients
| Group 1 | Group 2 | Group 3 | Total | χ² | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nb | % | Nb | % | Nb | % | Nb | % | p | ||
| Type reconstruction | Implant | 1 | 6.2 | 2 | 40.0 | 1 | 16.7 | 4 | 14.8 | 0.15 |
| Implant + RLDF | 5 | 31.2 | 1 | 20.0 | 0 | 6 | 22.2 | |||
| RLDF | 10 | 62.6 | 2 | 40.0 | 5 | 83.3 | 17 | 63.0 | ||
| Breast cancer | Primitive | 10 | 62.5 | 3 | 60.0 | 4 | 66.7 | 17 | 63.0 | 0.973 |
| Recurrence | 6 | 37.5 | 2 | 40.0 | 2 | 33.3 | 10 | 37.0 | ||
| Cup size | A–B | 8 | 50.0 | 2 | 18.2 | 4 | 66.6 | 14 | 51.8 | 0.466 |
| C | 6 | 37.5 | 3 | 60.0 | 2 | 33.3 | 11 | 40.7 | ||
| >C | 2 | 12.5 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 7.4 | ||||
| Tobacco | No | 12 | 75.0 | 3 | 60.0 | 5 | 83.3 | 20 | 74.1 | 0.673 |
| Yes | 4 | 25.0 | 2 | 40.0 | 1 | 16.7 | 7 | 25.9 | ||
| Diabetes | No | 15 | 93.8 | 5 | 100 | 6 | 100 | 26 | 96.3 | 0.700 |
| Yes | 1 | 6.2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.7 | ||||
| ASA | 1 | 8 | 50.0 | 2 | 40.0 | 2 | 33.3 | 12 | 44.4 | 0.763 |
| 2 | 8 | 50.0 | 3 | 60.0 | 4 | 66.7 | 15 | 55.6 | ||
| Previous contralateral BC |
No | 12 | 75.0 | 4 | 80.0 | 4 | 66.7 | 20 | 74.1 | 0.874 |
| Yes | 4 | 25.0 | 1 | 20.0 | 2 | 33.3 | 7 | 25.9 | ||
| Previous conservative breast surgery |
No | 8 | 50.0 | 3 | 60.0 | 2 | 33.3 | 13 | 48.1 | 0.660 |
| Yes | 8 | 50.0 | 2 | 40.0 | 4 | 66.7 | 14 | 51.9 | ||
| Previous SLNB | No | 13 | 81.2 | 3 | 75.0 | 2 | 33.3 | 19 | 70.4 | 0.092 |
| Yes | 3 | 18.8 | 1 | 25.0 | 4 | 66.7 | 8 | 29.6 | ||
| Previous ALND | No | 11 | 68.8 | 3 | 60.0 | 6 | 100 | 20 | 74.1 | 0.240 |
| Yes | 5 | 31.2 | 2 | 40.0 | 0 | 7 | 25.9 | |||
| Previous homolateral Radiotherapy |
No | 9 | 56.2 | 3 | 60.0 | 4 | 66.7 | 16 | 59.3 | 0.906 |
| Yes | 7 | 43.8 | 2 | 40.0 | 2 | 33.3 | 11 | 40.7 | ||
| Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy |
No | 13 | 81.2 | 5 | 100 | 6 | 100 | 24 | 88.9 | 0.3013 |
| Yes | 3 | 18.8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 11.1 | ||||
| Implant volume | < = 300 | 3 | 50.1 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 4 | 40.0 | 0.65 | |
| 311–330 | 2 | 33.4 | 1 | 33.3 | 1 | 100 | 4 | 40.0 | ||
| > 400 | 1 | 16.7 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 2 | 20.0 | |||
| Axillary surgery | No | 10 | 3 | 4 | 17 | 62.9 | 0.90 | |||
| SLNB | 5 | 2 | 2 | 9 | 33.3 | |||||
| ALND | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3.7 | |||||
| Trocar number | 2 | 16 | 100 | 3 | 60.0 | 6 | 100 | 25 | 92.6 | 0.009 |
| 3 | 0 | 2 | 40.0 | 0 | 2 | 7.4 | ||||
| Da Vinci system | SI | 11 | 68.8 | 2 | 40.0 | 1 | 16.7 | 14 | 51.9 | 0.079 |
| XI | 5 | 31.2 | 3 | 60.0 | 5 | 83.3 | 13 | 48.1 | ||
| Procedure surgical number |
1 | 1 | 6.2 | 2 | 40.0 | 1 | 16.7 | 4 | 14.8 | 0.057 |
| 2 | 4 | 25.0 | 2 | 40.0 | 5 | 83.3 | 11 | 55.6 | ||
| 3 | 8 | 50.0 | 1 | 20.0 | 0 | 9 | 33.3 | |||
| 4 | 3 | 18.8 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 11.1 | ||||
| Post-operative hospitalization |
< 4 days | 7 | 43.8 | 3 | 60.0 | 4 | 66.7 | 14 | 51.9 | 0.582 |
| > = 4 days | 9 | 56.2 | 2 | 40.0 | 2 | 33.3 | 13 | 48.1 | ||
| BMI | < 23.5 | 22 | 0.763 | |||||||
| > = 23.5 | 5 | |||||||||
| Surgical time | < 360 | 8 | 50.0 | 3 | 60.0 | 5 | 83.3 | 16 | 59.3 | 0.366 |
| > = 360 | 8 | 50.0 | 2 | 40.0 | 1 | 16.7 | 11 | 40.7 | ||
Abbreviations: RLDF robotic latissimus dorsi flap, SLNB sentinel lymph node dissection, ALND axillary lymph node dissection, BMI body mass index