Table 1.
Cases of intravitreal injections of VEGF inhibitors resulting in glomerular disease or hypertension
| Reference | Anti-VEGF agent | Proteinuria | Renal biopsy | Treatment | Age (years) | Gender | DR | N | UC HTN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [31] | Bevacizumab, ranibizumab | 2.2–2.4 g/g Cr UPC | Case 1 MGN, Case 2 AKI, Inc Prot and TMA | Case 1: WD, Case 2: MMF, Px | 52, 67 | 2M | No (MD) | 2 | No |
| [32] | Bevacizumab | NR | No, decreased eGFR no biopsy | No immunosuppression | NR | NR | Yes | 3 | No |
| [33] | Ranibizumab, bevacizumab | Inc | No, decreased eGFR no biopsy | HD started | 51, 68 | 1F, 1M | Yes | 2 | No |
| [34] | Not specified | NR | No, decreased eGFR no biopsy | No immunosuppression | NR | NR | Yes | 1 | No |
| [35] | Bevacizumab | 8.6 g/g Cr UPC | MGN | No immunosupression, WD | 74 | M | Yes | 1 | No |
| [36] | Ranibizumab | 9.4 g/g Cr UPC | Class IV DN | No immunosuppresion | 56 | M | Yes | 1 | No |
| [37] | Ranibizumab | NR | TMA | WD | 77 | F | No (MD) | 1 | No |
| [38] | Bevacizumab | 11 g/g Cr UPC | MCD | High-dose prednisone | 54 | M | Yes | 1 | No |
| [39] | Bevacizumab | 4.2 g/g Cr UPC | MCD | High-dose prednisone, mizoribine | 16 | F | Yes | 1 | No |
| Unpub | Bevacizumab | 34 g/g Cr UPC | MCD | High-dose prednisone | 82 | F | Yes | 1 | No |
| Case 1 | Bevacizumab | 6890 μg/mg ACR | DN | No immunosupression | 54 | F | Yes | 1 | No |
| Case 2 | Bevacizumab | 4416 μg/mg ACR | No | No immunosupression, HD started | 53 | M | Yes | 1 | Yes, BL |
| Case 3 | Bevacizumab then aflibercept | None | No | No immunosupression, WD | 65 | F | No (MD) | 1 | Yes, new |
AKI, acute kidney injury; BL, high blood pressure at baseline; F, female; HTN, hypertension; Inc, increased; M, male; MCD, minimal change disease; MGN, membranous glomerulonephritis; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; NR, not reported; Prot, protein; Px, plasma exchange; UC, uncontrolled; Unpub, unpublished; UPC, urine protein:creatinine ratio; WD, withdrawal of agent.