Table 3.
Coefficients from Tobit models for the percent of EMA responses in which participants indicated any alcohol use (n = 231). All independent variables standardized. Models control for age, sex, race/ethnicity, the median household income for the residential Census block group, exposure to all retail outlets, exposure to neighborhood disorganization, proportion of time away from home.
| All Outlets | Bars | Restaurants | Off Premise Outlets | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | (95% | CI) | β | (95% | CI) | β | (95% | CI) | β | (95% | CI) | |||
| Residence-Based Measures | ||||||||||||||
| Outlet count within circular buffer of residence (800m) | 6.6 | (0.6 | 12.6) | 6.6 | (1.5 | 11.7) | 6.2 | (0.0 | 12.4) | 5.1 | (−1.0 | 11.1) | ||
| Outlet count topithin Census block group | 6.3 | (0.6 | 11.9) | 6.5 | (1.6 | 11.4) | 5.5 | (−0.2 | 11.2) | 5.2 | (−0.8 | 11.2) | ||
| Outlet count topithin Census tract | 8.3 | (2.8 | 13.8) | 8.3 | (3.1 | 13.5) | 6.4 | (1.0 | 11.7) | 7.9 | (2.4 | 13.4) | ||
| Outlet density topithin Census block group (count per square km) | 4.4 | (−1.3 | 10.1) | 5.8 | (0.6 | 11.1) | 3.5 | (−2.3 | 9.4) | 4.2 | (−2.1 | 10.5) | ||
| Outlet density topithin Census tract (count per square km) | 4.4 | (−1.8 | 10.7) | 4.6 | (−1.3 | 10.4) | 3.4 | (−2.8 | 9.6) | 4.7 | (−1.7 | 11.2) | ||
| Inverse distance topeighted sum of 7 nearest outlets (km) | 5.2 | (−0.4 | 10.8) | 5.5 | (0.0 | 10.9) | 5.1 | (−0.1 | 10.3) | 4.8 | (−1.6 | 11.2) | ||
| Activity Location-Based Measures | ||||||||||||||
| Outlet count topithin circular buffer around activity locations (800m) | 4.3 | (−2.2 | 10.8) | 4.9 | (−1.5 | 11.2) | 2.7 | (−4.2 | 9.5) | 4.4 | (−1.3 | 10.2) | ||
| Outlet count topithin convex hull | 2.7 | (−3.6 | 8.9) | 2.5 | (−3.7 | 8.7) | 0.7 | (−6.1 | 7.5) | 4.2 | (−1.5 | 9.9) | ||
| Outlet count topithin standard deviation ellipse | 0.9 | (−6.2 | 7.9) | -0.1 | (−7.4 | 7.3) | -2.3 | (−10.9 | 6.3) | 3.5 | (−2.6 | 9.6) | ||
| Outlet count topithin standard deviation ellipse (time-topeighted) | -0.5 | (−7.9 | 6.8) | 0.5 | (−6.1 | 7.1) | -5.0 | (−15.0 | 4.9) | 2.4 | (−3.4 | 8.2) | ||
| Outlet count along shortest roadtopay nettopork distance bettopeen activity locations (100m buffer) | 0.8 | (−5.9 | 7.4) | 2.3 | (−3.9 | 8.6) | -0.0 | (−6.7 | 6.6) | 1.7 | (−5.0 | 8.4) | ||
| Activity Path-Based Measures | ||||||||||||||
| Outlet count topithin buffer around activity path line (100m buffer) | 5.4 | (−1.9 | 12.6) | 6.3 | (−0.8 | 13.4) | 4.2 | (−2.8 | 11.2) | 6.0 | (−1.2 | 13.2) | ||
| Outlets per hour (100m buffer) | 8.3 | (3.3 | 13.2) | 11.6 | (4.5 | 18.7) | 7.6 | (3.3 | 11.9) | 1.9 | (−4.6 | 8.4) | ||
| Outlets per hour – excluding home (100m buffer) | 7.7 | (1.8 | 13.7) | 12.4 | (1.6 | 23.2) | 6.3 | (1.9 | 10.7) | 1.2 | (−6.9 | 9.3) | ||
| % Time exposed to any outlet (100m buffer) | 4.4 | (−1.7 | 10.4) | 8.7 | (3.1 | 14.3) | 5.9 | (0.7 | 11.0) | 1.1 | (−5.4 | 7.6) | ||
| Outlets per hour – ttopo-topeek data (100m buffer) | 7.7 | (2.8 | 12.6) | 11.5 | (3.8 | 19.1) | 7.1 | (2.9 | 11.4) | 1.3 | (−5.5 | 8.0) | ||
| Outlets per hour – one-topeek data (100m buffer) | 7.9 | (3.0 | 12.9) | 11.8 | (4.4 | 19.1) | 7.4 | (3.0 | 11.7) | 1.2 | (−5.7 | 8.0) | ||
| Outlets per hour – one-day data (100m buffer) | 7.0 | (2.2 | 11.8) | (4.9 | 19.0) | 6.4 | (2.1 | 10.8) | 0.7 | (−6.4 | 7.7) | |||