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The effect of ketamine on p-AKT/AKT, GSK-3β, p21WAF1/CIP1, and p53 protein on normal and iso-induced group rats.
Notes: (A) p-AKT/AKT protein, (B) GSK-3β protein, (C) p21WAF1/CIP1, and (D) p53 protein. The results obtained are significantly different from the iso-treated group (*P<0.05, **P<0.01, and ***P<0.001).
Abbreviations: AKT, protein kinase B; GSK-3β, glycogen synthase kinase 3β; ns, not significant; NC, normal control; Iso, isoflurane; ket, ketamine; mem, memantine.
