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. 2019 Feb 4;13:501–512. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S188636

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The effect of ketamine on isoflurane-impaired memory and spatial learning in rats estimated via passive avoidance response.

Note: The data are presented as mean ± SEM.

Abbreviations: NC, normal control; Col, colchicine; Iso, isoflurane; ket, ketamine; mem, memantine.