Table 4.
Association of socio-demographic, clinical and treatment-related factors with unsuccessful outcomes among HIV-infected TB patients registered for TB treatment in selected districts of Karnataka from January to December 2016.
| Characteristic | Total | Unsuccessful outcome, n (%)* | Unadjusted RR (95% CI) | Adjusted RR (95% CI)# | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 1831 | 490 (26.7) | |||
| Age (in years) | |||||
| 0–14 | 46 | 9 (19.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| 15–29 | 245 | 57 (23.3) | 1.2 (0.6–2.2) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.501 |
| 30–44 | 929 | 246 (26.5) | 1.4 (0.7–2.5) | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.354 |
| 45 and above | 611 | 178 (29.1) | 1.5 (0.8–2.7) | 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 0.254 |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 1143 | 329 (28.8) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.171 |
| Female | 688 | 143 (23.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| Type of TB | |||||
| Microbiologically confirmed | 790 | 215 (27.2) | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 0.562 |
| Clinically diagnosed | 1041 | 275 (26.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| Site of TB | |||||
| Pulmonary TB | 1496 | 401 (26.8) | 1 | 1 | |
| Extra Pulmonary TB | 335 | 89 (26.6) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 0.336 |
| Category of Treatment | |||||
| New | 1497 | 395 (26.4) | 1 | 1 | |
| Previously treated | 334 | 95 (28.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 0.330 |
| District | |||||
| Bangalore | 246 | 48 (19.5) | 1 | 1 | |
| Belgaum | 784 | 218 (27.8) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.094 |
| Bagalkot | 569 | 154 (27.1) | 1.4 (1.0–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.743 |
| Gulbarga | 232 | 70 (30.2) | 1.5 (1.1–2.1) | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 0.142 |
| ART status | |||||
| On ART | 1611 | 358 (23.7) | 1 | 1 | |
| Not on ART | 220 | 109 (49.6) | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | 2.1 (1.6–2.9) | <0.001 |
| CD4 count (cells/mm3) | |||||
| Less than 50 | 157 | 59 (37.6) | 2.1 (1.4–3.2) | 2.0 (1.4–2.9) | <0.001 |
| 50–199 | 737 | 209 (28.4) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 1.6 (1.1–2.3) | 0.010 |
| 200–350 | 383 | 81 (21.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 0.292 |
| 350–500 | 177 | 33 (18.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) | 0.756 |
| More than 500 | 142 | 25 (17.6) | 1 | 1 | |
| Not available | 235 | 83 (35.3) | 2.0 (1.4–3.0) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | 0.062 |
| TB treatment regimen | |||||
| New care package | 870 | 265 (30.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 0.014 |
| Conventional care package | 961 | 225 (23.4) | 1 | 1 |
*Row percentage
#Model adjusted for clustering at 38 Tuberculosis Units included in the study
Abbreviations: HIV- Human Immunodeficiency Virus; TB- Tuberculosis; RR- Relative Risk; CI- Confidence Interval; ART- Antiretroviral Therapy; CD4- Cluster of Differentiation 4/CD4 + T helper cells