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Comparison of cytotrophoblast invasion following LPS treatment. The invasion of primary cytotrophoblast cells maintained under a variety of 24 h exposures was evaluated by Matrigel invasion assay. The invasion indices of human primary cytotrophoblast cells treated with 100 ng/ml LPS and neutralizing Abs against TLR4, TNF-α, IL-1β, or IL-6 in the presence of LPS were normalized to that of the control. Data are presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments; *P < 0.01.
