TABLE 3—
The Proportion and Rate of Cesarean Indications Across the 3-Child Policy Periods: Hubei and Gansu Provinces, China, 2013–2016
| Rateb |
||||||
| Indication | Total Proportiona (n = 14 511) | Total (n = 27 977), % | 1-Child Policy Period (n = 8664), % (No.) | Selective 2-Child Policy Period (n = 15 178), % (No.) | Universal 2-Child Policy Period (n = 4135), % (No.) | Pc |
| Maternal request | 33.6 (4 515) | 16.1 | 18.8 (1 631) | 16.3 (2 466) | 10.1 (418) | < .001 |
| Previous cesarean delivery | 19.7 (2 640) | 9.4 | 6.4 (557) | 9.9 (1 504) | 14.0 (579) | < .001 |
| Breech or transverse presentation | 4.9 (662) | 2.4 | 2.6 (225) | 2.3 (343) | 2.3 (94) | .15 |
| Cord entanglement | 3.5 (475) | 1.7 | 3.0 (256) | 1.0 (156) | 1.5 (63) | < .001 |
| Oligohydramnios | 3.4 (454) | 1.6 | 2.1 (178) | 1.4 (217) | 1.4 (59) | .001 |
| Premature rupture of membranes | 3.3 (441) | 1.6 | 1.9 (162) | 1.4 (205) | 1.8 (74) | .23 |
| Macrosomia | 3.1 (417) | 1.5 | 1.5 (131) | 1.6 (243) | 1.0 (43) | .12 |
| Antepartum hypertension | 2.5 (329) | 1.2 | 1.3 (109) | 1.1 (166) | 1.3 (54) | .88 |
| Multiple pregnancy | 2.2 (298) | 1.1 | 1.1 (99) | 1.1 (171) | 0.7 (28) | .04 |
| Placenta previa | 2.0 (267) | 1.0 | 1.0 (87) | 0.9 (136) | 1.1 (44) | .98 |
| Fetal distress | 2.0 (263) | 0.9 | 0.9 (80) | 0.7 (106) | 1.9 (77) | < .001 |
| Other | 17.5 (2 345) | 8.4 | 9.7 (842) | 8.1 (1 235) | 6.5 (268) | < .001 |
a
The cesarean indication proportion was calculated as the number of cesareans with a certain indication divided by the total number of cesareans.
b
The indication-specific cesarean rate was calculated as the number of cesareans with a certain indication divided by the number of total deliveries.
c
P value was for the trend in indication-specific cesarean rate across the 3 periods.