Table 2.
Baseline Characteristics for All Patients
| Characteristic | Observed No. | Overall (N = 1,266) | Alive (n = 648) | Died (n = 618) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at surgery, mean (SD), years | 1,266 | 60.7 (12.3) | 59.6 (12.5) | 61.8 (11.9) |
| Male, No. (%) | 1,261 | 715 (56.5) | 349 (53.9) | 366 (59.2) |
| First surgery type, No. (%) | 941 | |||
| Emergency | 163 (17.3) | 76 (14.2) | 87 (21.4) | |
| Scheduled | 484 (51.4) | 297 (55.6) | 187 (46.0) | |
| Urgent | 294 (31.2) | 161 (30.2) | 133 (32.7) | |
| Spinal levels affected, median (IQR) | 1,266 | 1 (1-3) | 1 (1-3) | 2 (1-3) |
| Preoperative KPS score, mean (SD) | 1,000 | 60.2 (20.5) | 65.0 (20.5) | 55.6 (19.4) |
| Preoperative EQ-5D, median (IQR) | 902 | 0.38 (0.16-0.69) | 0.44 (0.20-0.71) | 0.31 (0.12-0.60) |
| Preoperative Frankel category, No. (%) | 1,239 | |||
| A/B/C | 314 (25.3) | 128 (20.0) | 186 (31.0) | |
| D | 432 (34.9) | 217 (33.9) | 215 (35.8) | |
| E | 494 (39.8) | 295 (46.1) | 199 (33.2) | |
| Tokuhashi score, No. (%) | 877 | |||
| 0-8 | 380 (43.0) | 166 (33.2) | 214 (55.9) | |
| 9-11 | 351 (39.8) | 219 (43.8) | 132 (34.5) | |
| 12-15 | 152 (17.3) | 115 (23.0) | 37 (9.7) | |
| Tomita score, No. (%) | 1,110 | |||
| ≤ 3 | 373 (33.6) | 260 (44.1) | 113 (21.7) | |
| 4/5 | 249 (22.4) | 144 (24.4) | 105 (20.1) | |
| 6/7 | 252 (22.7) | 119 (20.2) | 133 (25.5) | |
| ≥ 8 | 238 (21.4) | 67 (11.4) | 171 (32.8) | |
| Paralysis, yes, No. (%) | 1,266 | 352 (27.8) | 143 (22.1) | 209 (33.8) |
| ASA, No. (%) | 1,031 | |||
| 1 | 123 (11.9) | 91 (15.9) | 32 (7.0) | |
| 2 | 457 (44.3) | 275 (48.0) | 182 (39.7) | |
| 3 | 403 (39.1) | 195 (34.0) | 208 (45.4) | |
| 4 | 48 (4.7) | 12 (2.1) | 36 (7.9) | |
| Metastatic tumor diagnosis, No. (%) | ||||
| Breast | 234 (18.5) | 148 (22.8) | 86 (13.9) | |
| Colorectal | 54 (4.3) | 15 (2.3) | 39 (6.3) | |
| Renal | 163 (12.9) | 88 (13.6) | 75 (12.1) | |
| Lung (any) | 163 (12.9) | 67 (10.3) | 96 (15.5) | |
| Prostate | 168 (13.3) | 67 (10.3) | 101 (16.3) | |
| Myeloma | 85 (6.7) | 66 (10.2) | 19 (3.1) | |
| Gastric | 18 (1.4) | 3 (0.5) | 15 (2.4) | |
| Liver | 21 (1.7) | 9 (1.4) | 12 (1.9) | |
| Bladder | 15 (1.2) | 3 (0.5) | 12 (1.9) | |
| Lymphoma | 21 (1.7) | 17 (2.6) | 4 (0.7) | |
| Melanoma | 27 (2.1) | 15 (2.3) | 12 (1.9) | |
| Sarcoma | 18 (1.4) | 7 (1.1) | 11 (1.8) | |
| Thyroid | 37 (2.9) | 24 (3.7) | 13 (2.1) | |
| Other specified | 59 (4.7) | 25 (3.9) | 34 (5.5) | |
| Other unknown | 183 (14.5) | 94 (14.5) | 89 (14.4) | |
| Metastasis locations, No. (%) | 1,266 | |||
| 0 | 891 (70.4) | 495 (76.4) | 396 (64.1) | |
| 1 | 228 (18.0) | 109 (16.8) | 119 (19.3) | |
| 2 | 102 (8.1) | 31 (4.8) | 71 (11.5) | |
| 3 | 39 (3.1) | 12 (1.9) | 27 (4.4) | |
| 4 | 6 (0.5) | 1 (0.2) | 5 (0.8) |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; EQ-5D, EuroQol five-dimensions questionnaire; IQR, interquartile range; KPS, Karnofsky performance score; SD, standard deviation.