Table 4.
Logistic Regression Analysis Exploring Factors Associated With Dying Within 3 Months After Surgery
| Variable | No. | Unadjusted Analysis | Multivariable Analysis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P | ||
| Age at surgery (per 5-year increase) | 1,060 | 1.12 (1.04 to 1.20) | .001 | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) | .02 |
| First surgery type (odds for emergency) | 762 | 2.06 (1.34 to 3.17) | .002 | 1.20 (0.67 to 2.15) | .54 |
| Spinal levels affected (per additional level) | 1,060 | 1.05 (0.99 to 1.11) | .11 | 1.04 (0.97 to 1.13) | .27 |
| Preoperative KPS (per 10-unit decrease) | 843 | 1.51 (1.36 to 1.67) | < .001 | 1.36 (1.15 to 1.62) | < .001 |
| Preoperative EQ-5D (per unit decrease) | 730 | 7.47 (3.77 to 14.79) | < .001 | — | — |
| Preoperative Frankel category | 1,038 | < .001 | .41 | ||
| E | Ref | Ref | |||
| D | 2.11 (1.36 to 3.28) | 1.53 (0.78 to 3.00) | |||
| A/B/C | 4.05 (2.62 to 6.27) | 1.55 (0.73 to 3.27) | |||
| Tokuhashi category (surgery) | 715 | < .001 | — | — | |
| 12-15 | Ref | ||||
| 9-11 | 4.65 (1.62 to 13.34) | ||||
| 0-8 | 10.43 (3.73 to 29.14) | ||||
| Tomita category (surgery) | 935 | < .001 | — | — | |
| ≤ 3 | Ref | ||||
| 4/5 | 1.44 (0.75 to 2.75) | ||||
| 6/7 | 3.36 (1.92 to 5.88) | ||||
| ≥ 8 | 5.38 (3.15 to 9.19) | ||||
| Paralysis (odds for paralysis) | 1,060 | 2.98 (2.13 to 4.17) | < .001 | — | — |
| ASA | 850 | .007 | — | .77 | |
| 1 | Ref | Ref | |||
| 2 | 2.05 (0.89 to 4.68) | 1.06 (0.42 to 2.68) | |||
| 3 | 2.75 (1.22 to 6.22) | 1.10 (0.43 to 2.81) | |||
| 4 | 4.88 (1.77 to 13.46) | 1.93 (0.48 to 7.82) | |||
| Complications (odds for complications) | 1,060 | 1.58 (1.12 to 2.21) | .009 | 1.33 (0.79 to 2.23) | .28 |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; EQ-5D, EuroQol five-dimensions questionnaire; KPS, Karnofsky performance score; Ref, reference.