Table 1.
Summary of nMOFs for PDT applications
| nMOFs | PSs: type; position; loading |
Cell lines & PSs/nMOFs Concentration |
Irradiation: wavelength; power; time |
Anti-cancer Efficacy | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DBP-Hf Nanoplate ~100×10 nm2 | Porphyrin (DBP); Ligands; 77 wt% | SQ20B cells In vitro:20 µM DBP In vivo: 3.5 mg DBP/kg | 640 nm 100 mW/cm2 In vitro: 15 min In vivo: 30 min | In vitro: ~20% cell viability In vivo: Tumor decreased from ~150 to ~3 mm3 | [127] |
| DBC-Hf Nanoplate ~150×5 nm2 | Cholrin (DBC); Ligands; 64 wt% | CT26 & HT29 cells In vitro:20 µM DBC In vivo: 1 mg DBC-Hf/kg | 650 nm 100 mW/cm2 In vitro: 15 min In vivo: 15 min | In vitro: ~20% cell viability In vivo: Tumor decreased from ~2.5 to ~0.5 g | [128] |
| Zn-MOF Bulk | Porphyrin (TCPP); Ligands; | [130] | |||
| TMPyP@H KUST-1 ~100 nm | Porphyrin (TMPyP); Encapsulated in HKUST-1; 32.8 wt% | HeLa cells In vitro:3.5 µM TMPyP | 660 nm 100 mW/cm2 In vitro: 15 min | In vitro: ~30% cell viability | [132] |
| IDOi@TBC-Hf Nanorice ~75×45 nm | Cholrin (TBC); Ligands; TBC: 62 wt% IDOi: 4.7% | CT26 & MC38 cells In vitro:20 µM TBC In vivo: 20 µmol TBC/kg 1.5 mg IDOi/kg | 650 nm 100 mW/cm2 In vitro: 15 min In vivo: 15 min | In vitro: ~15% cell viability, immunogenic cell death In vivo: Abscopal effect, both treated and untreated tumor regressed | [129] |
| Hf-TCPP-P EG ~130 nm | Porphyrin (TCPP); Ligands; 55 wt% | 4T1 cells In vitro:80 mg TBC/L In vivo: 0.5 mg TCPP/mouse | 661 nm 5 mW/cm2 In vitro: 15 min In vivo: 60 min X-ray: 6Gy | In vitro: ~20% cell viability, In vivo: Tumor grew slowly | [131] |
| PCN-224 ~90 nm | Porphyrin (TCPP); Ligands; | HeLa cells In vitro:20 µM TCPP | 420 or 630 nm 100 mW/cm2 In vitro: 30 min | In vitro: ~20% cell viability | [134] |
| TCPP/BCD TE@UiO-6 6 ~70 nm | Porphyrin (TCPP); Attached to SBUs; | B16 melanoma cells In vitro:20 µM TCPP | 420 nm 100 mW/cm2 In vitro: 30 min | In vitro: ~30% cell viability | [133] |
| UiO-PDT ~70 nm | BODIPY (I2-BDP); Replaced the ligands; 31.4 wt% | B16F10, CT26, and C26 Cells In vitro:6.25 µg TCPP | 80mW/cm2 In vitro: 10 min | In vitro: <20% cell viability for B16F10 and CT26 cells, <10% cell viability for C26 cells | [135] |
| IDOi@TBC-Hf Nanorice ~75×45 nm | Cholrin (TBC); Ligands; TBC: 62 wt% IDOi: 4.7% | CT26 & MC38 cells In vitro:20 µM TBC In vivo: 20 µmol TBC/kg 1.5 mg IDOi/kg | 650 nm 100 mW/cm2 In vitro: 15 min In vivo: 15 min | In vitro: ~15% cell viability, immunogenic cell death In vivo: Abscopal effect, both treated and untreated tumor shrank | [129] |
| UiO-AM@ POP ~ 176 nm | Porphyrin (H2P); In POP; ~8% | HepG2 and HeLa cells In vitro:25 µg/mL | 450 nm 45 mW/cm2 In vitro: 15 min | In vitro: ~15% cell viability | [140] |
| UCNPs@P CN-224 ~52 nm | Porphyrin (TCPP); Ligands; | MDA-MB-468 cells In vitro:100 µg/mL | 980 nm 15.9 W/cm2 In vitro: 20 min | In vitro: ~20% cell viability | [139] |
| Ce6-Peptide @MIL-101 ~95 nm | Chlorin (Ce6); Encapsulated in MIL-101; 3.2 wt% 3.3 | HeLa cells In vitro:1.6 µM Ce6 equiv | 660 nm 200 mW/cm2 In vitro: 5 min | In vitro: <10% cell viability | [141] |
| PCN-222 Nanorice 50–70 nm | Porphyrin (TCPP); Ligands; | HeLa cells In vitro:4 µM TCPP | >600 nm 50 mW/cm2 In vitro: 15 min | In vitro: <5% cell viability | [142] |
| UCNPs/MB @ZIF-8@ca talase ~500 nm | Methylene blue (MB); Encapsulated in ZIF-8; 1.97 wt% | PL 45 Cells In vitro:8 µg MB/mL | 980 nm 1 W/cm2 In vitro: 5 min | In vitro: 40% cell viability | [136] |