TABLE 1. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence of knowledge of five common heart attack signs and symptoms by demographic characteristics, history of coronary heart disease (CHD), and number of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and change from 2008 to 2017 — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2008, 2014, and 2017.
| Characteristic | Unadjusted |
Adjusted* |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2008 |
2014 |
2017 |
Percentage point change 2008 to 2017† | p-value (2008 versus 2017) | 2008 |
2014 |
2017 |
Percentage point change 2008 to 2017† | p-value (2008 versus 2017) | |
| % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | |||||
|
Total
|
39.4 (0.5)
|
49.9 (0.5)
|
50.4 (0.6)
|
10.9
|
<0.001
|
39.6 (0.5)
|
50.0 (0.5)
|
50.2 (0.5)
|
10.6
|
<0.001
|
|
Sex
§
| ||||||||||
| Men |
35.5 (0.7) |
45.9 (0.6) |
45.9 (0.7) |
10.4 |
<0.001 |
35.7 (0.6) |
45.9 (0.6) |
45.6 (0.6) |
9.8 |
<0.001 |
| Women |
43.1 (0.7) |
53.7 (0.6) |
54.5 (0.7) |
11.4 |
<0.001 |
43.3 (0.7) |
53.8 (0.6) |
54.4 (0.6) |
11.2 |
<0.001 |
|
Age group (yrs)
§ | ||||||||||
| 18–44 |
32.5 (0.7) |
41.8 (0.6) |
43.5 (0.7) |
11.0 |
<0.001 |
34.9 (0.7) |
44.9 (0.7) |
46.4 (0.7) |
11.2 |
<0.001 |
| 45–64 |
46.7 (0.8) |
57.3 (0.7) |
55.6 (0.8) |
8.9 |
<0.001 |
44.5 (0.8) |
55.4 (0.7) |
53.8 (0.8) |
9.5 |
<0.001 |
| ≥65 |
45.3 (0.9) |
56.7 (0.8) |
57.4 (0.9) |
12.1 |
<0.001 |
42.2 (0.9) |
52.8 (0.8) |
53.2 (0.9) |
11.1 |
<0.001 |
|
Race/Ethnicity
§,¶
| ||||||||||
| White |
45.2 (0.6) |
55.8 (0.6) |
56.6 (0.6) |
11.4 |
<0.001 |
44.6 (0.6) |
54.5 (0.6) |
54.8 (0.6) |
10.2 |
<0.001 |
| Black |
30.0 (1.1) |
44.2 (1.1) |
42.7 (1.4) |
12.8 |
<0.001 |
31.2 (1.1) |
44.9 (1.0) |
43.1 (1.3) |
11.6 |
<0.001 |
| Asian |
25.2 (2.0) |
30.1 (2.0) |
33.1 (2.6) |
8.0 |
0.015 |
25.7 (1.9) |
30.7 (2.0) |
33.5 (2.5) |
7.6 |
0.017 |
| Hispanic |
22.7 (0.9) |
34.1 (1.1) |
35.2 (1.3) |
12.5 |
<0.001 |
27.0 (1.1) |
38.9 (1.1) |
38.9 (1.3) |
11.1 |
<0.001 |
| Other |
30.9 (2.2) |
43.8 (1.8) |
47.0 (2.1) |
16.1 |
<0.001 |
31.6 (2.2) |
43.3 (1.8) |
46.4 (2.1) |
15.2 |
<0.001 |
|
Education
§
| ||||||||||
| Less than HS |
28.3 (1.0) |
39.3 (1.2) |
40.5 (1.2) |
12.1 |
<0.001 |
28.9 (1.0) |
41.5 (1.2) |
42.3 (1.2) |
13.3 |
<0.001 |
| HS graduate |
39.5 (0.9) |
49.2 (0.8) |
47.9 (0.8) |
8.5 |
<0.001 |
37.1 (0.8) |
47.1 (0.8) |
46.4 (0.8) |
9.4 |
<0.001 |
| Some college |
44.9 (0.8) |
55.8 (0.7) |
54.2 (0.8) |
9.3 |
<0.001 |
43.0 (0.8) |
53.8 (0.7) |
52.4 (0.8) |
9.3 |
<0.001 |
| College graduate |
46.4 (1.0) |
55.1 (0.7) |
56.7 (0.8) |
10.3 |
<0.001 |
45.5 (1.0) |
54.0 (0.7) |
56.0 (0.8) |
10.5 |
<0.001 |
|
CHD**,†† | ||||||||||
| With CHD |
51.9 (1.4) |
61.9 (1.5) |
59.2 (1.4) |
7.3 |
<0.001 |
47.2 (1.4) |
56.9 (1.5) |
53.7 (1.4) |
7.6 |
<0.001 |
| Without CHD |
38.6 (0.6) |
49.2 (0.5) |
49.8 (0.6) |
11.2 |
<0.001 |
39.1 (0.5) |
49.5 (0.5) |
49.9 (0.5) |
10.8 |
<0.001 |
|
No. of CVD risk factors§,§§
| ||||||||||
| 0 |
35.0 (0.8) |
46.4 (0.7) |
45.9 (0.8) |
11.0 |
<0.001 |
36.9 (0.8) |
48.5 (0.7) |
47.8 (0.8) |
10.9 |
<0.001 |
| 1 |
38.1 (0.8) |
49.2 (0.7) |
49.8 (0.8) |
11.7 |
<0.001 |
38.6 (0.8) |
49.5 (0.7) |
49.9 (0.7) |
11.2 |
<0.001 |
| 2 |
45.0 (0.9) |
52.8 (0.9) |
55.2 (0.9) |
10.1 |
<0.001 |
42.8 (0.9) |
50.5 (0.9) |
52.6 (0.9) |
9.7 |
<0.001 |
| 3 |
46.7 (1.4) |
57.2 (1.2) |
57.8 (1.2) |
11.1 |
<0.001 |
43.8 (1.3) |
54.1 (1.2) |
54.4 (1.2) |
10.8 |
<0.001 |
| 4–5 | 51.0 (2.3) | 57.8 (1.8) | 56.0 (1.8) | 5.0 | 0.091 | 47.9 (2.3) | 55.0 (1.8) | 52.8 (1.8) | 5.0 | 0.124 |
Abbreviations: HS = high school; SE = standard error.
* Adjusted by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, history of CHD, and CVD risk factor.
† Estimates might differ from manual calculations because of rounding.
§ p<0.001 from Wald F of adjusted percentage by characteristics for 2017 data.
¶ Persons identified as Hispanic might be of any race. Persons identified as white, black, Asian, or other race are non-Hispanic.
** p<0.05 from Wald F of adjusted percentage by characteristics for 2017 data.
†† Includes self-reported coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, or myocardial infarction.
§§ Includes self-reported hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, smoking, or obesity.