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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jan 4.
Published in final edited form as: Horm Behav. 2019 Jan 4;107:96–109. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2018.12.009

Table 1.

Maternal Care Behavior

Behavior Description
On Nest Total time spent on the Nest
Time Nursing Total time spent nursing in any position
Active Nursing Nursing in an arched back, legs fully extended position
Passive Nursing Nursing prone, supine, or on her side
Licking & Grooming (LG) Total time spent licking & grooming the pups
Pup retrieval test Time to retrieve the first pup after scattering across the nest