Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biomaterials. 2018 May 4;178:383–400. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.05.003

Fig. 6. Metabolic regulatory role of citrate in maintaining energy homeostasis.

Fig. 6

Citrate locates at the crossroads of metabolism: is metabolized not only as an energy substrate in the TCA cycle to produce the majority of cellular ATP but also serves as a source of cytosolic precursor for fatty acid biosynthesis. Changes in citrate concentration could influence the activity of key enzymes: such as the PFK1 in glycolysis and the ACC in fatty acid synthesis. (PFK1, phosphofructokinase 1; ACC, acetyl-CoA carboxylase; G6P, glucose-6-phosphate; F6P, fructose-6-phosphate; F1,6P, fructose-1,6-phosphate; PEP, phosphoenolpyruvate; ETC, electron transfer chain)