Table 1.
Patient demographic, clinical, and operation characteristics, and perioperative outcomes at high- and low-volume centers.
| High-Volume N=26,257 |
Low-Volume N=1,396 |
All Patients N=27,653 |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N/Mean | %/SD | N/Mean | %/SD | P-value* | N/Mean | %/SD | |
| Age (mean, SD) | 62.6 | 12.9 | 60.9 | 13.4 | <0.0001 | 62.5 | 12.9 |
| Sex | 0.10 | ||||||
| Male | 13,203 | 50.3% | 661 | 47.4% | 13,864 | 50.1% | |
| Race | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Caucasian | 20,862 | 79.5% | 933 | 66.8% | 21,795 | 78.8% | |
| Black | 2,546 | 9.7% | 246 | 17.6% | 2,792 | 10.1% | |
| Asian | 805 | 3.1% | 67 | 4.8% | 872 | 3.2% | |
| Other/Unknown | 2,044 | 7.8% | 150 | 10.7% | 2,194 | 7.9% | |
| Diagnosis | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Malignancy | 18,648 | 71.0% | 913 | 65.4% | 19,561 | 70.7% | |
| Benign Tumor | 3,601 | 13.7% | 187 | 13.4% | 3,788 | 13.7% | |
| Neoplasm of uncertain behavior | 718 | 2.7% | 57 | 4.1% | 775 | 2.8% | |
| Pancreatitis | 998 | 3.8% | 45 | 3.2% | 1,043 | 3.8% | |
| Other medical condition | 1,876 | 7.1% | 178 | 12.8% | 2,054 | 7.4% | |
| Unknown | 416 | 1.6% | 16 | 1.2% | 432 | 1.6% | |
| Severity of illness | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Minor | 13,556 | 51.6% | 779 | 55.8% | 14,335 | 51.8% | |
| Moderate | 10,305 | 39.2% | 499 | 35.7% | 10,804 | 39.1% | |
| Major | 2,300 | 8.8% | 108 | 7.7% | 2,408 | 8.7% | |
| Extreme | 86 | 0.3% | 10 | 0.7% | 96 | 0.3% | |
| Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (mean, SD) | 4.3 | 8.4 | 3.8 | 8.3 | 0.03 | 4.2 | 8.4 |
| Operation | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 15,453 | 58.9% | 694 | 49.7% | 16,147 | 58.4% | |
| Partial pancreatectomy | 10,804 | 41.1% | 702 | 50.3% | 11,506 | 41.6% | |
| Minimally Invasive Resection | 3,923 | 14.9% | 232 | 16.6% | 0.09 | 4,155 | 15.0% |
| Laparoscopic | 3,003 | 11.4% | 143 | 10.2% | 3,146 | 11.4% | |
| Robotic | 920 | 3.5% | 89 | 6.4% | 1,009 | 3.6% | |
| Payer | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Private insurance | 10,910 | 41.6% | 454 | 32.5% | 11,364 | 41.1% | |
| Government | 14,850 | 56.6% | 867 | 62.1% | 15,717 | 56.8% | |
| Other (e.g. self-pay, charity) | 497 | 1.9% | 75 | 5.4% | 572 | 2.1% | |
| Prolonged length of stay* | 6,384 | 24.3% | 435 | 31.2% | <0.0001 | 6,819 | 24.7% |
| Adj. Odds Ratio (95% Cl)** | Reference | 1.61 | (1.42–1.82) | <0.0001 | |||
| Complications* | 5,159 | 19.7% | 331 | 23.7% | 0.0002 | 5,490 | 19.9% |
| Adj. Odds Ratio (95% Cl)** | Reference | 1.37 | (1.20–1.57) | <0.0001 | |||
| Readmissions* | 4,798 | 18.3% | 296 | 21.2% | 0.006 | 5,094 | 18.4% |
| Adj. Odds Ratio (95% Cl)** | Reference | 1.22 | (1.07–1.39) | 0.004 | |||
| In-hospital mortality* | 312 | 1.2% | 24 | 1.7% | 0.08 | 336 | 1.2% |
| Adj. Odds Ratio (95% Cl)** | Reference | 1.59 | (1.03–2.45) | 0.03 | |||
SD, standard deviation. Adj. adjusted;
*
Student’s t-test (continuous) or Chi-Square test (categorical) analyses except for otherwise stated.
**
Multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for covariates: age, sex, severity of illness, Elixhauser comorbidity index, and operation year, type, and approach.