Table 1.

Summary statistics of study sample^a

Characteristic	Participants with Any Self-Reported VIb (n=3,933)	Participants with No Self-Reported VI (n=32,296)	P-valuec
Total, % (95% CI)	8.6 (8.0–9.2)	91.4 (90.8–92.0)
Age, years, % (95% CI)			<0.001
65–69	14.2 (12.3–16.4)	22.5 (21.7–23.2)
70–74	17.5 (15.7–19.6)	29.3 (29.3–30.2)
75–79	17.3 (15.3–19.4)	20.7 (20.0–21.5)
80–84	17.4 (15.6–19.3)	14.6 (14.0–15.2)
85–89	17.9 (16.2–19.7)	8.8 (8.2–9.3)
90+	15.7 (14.2–17.4)	4.1 (3.7–4.5)
Sex, % (95% CI)			<0.001
Male	34.4 (32.0–37.0)	44.7 (43.5–45.9)
Female	65.6 (63.0–68.0)	55.3 (54.1–56.5)
Race/Ethnicity, % (95% CI)			<0.001
White	68.2 (64.3–72.0)	80.8 (79.1–82.4)
Black	11.45 (9.8–13.3)	7.9 (7.1–8.7)
Hispanic	13.7 (11.0–16.9)	6.1 (5.1–7.2)
Other	6.6 (4.5–9.6)	5.2 (4.4–6.2)
Education, % (95% CI)			<0.001
<High school degree	36.5 (33.3–39.8)	17.8 (16.4–19.2)
High school degree	28.2 (25.6–31.0)	26.7 (25.3–28.1)
>High school degree	35.2 (32.0–38.6)	55.5 (53.4–57.7)
Medicaid Beneficiary			<0.001
Yes	28.1 (25.1–31.3)	11.2 (10.3–12.2)
No	71.9 (68.6–74.9)	88.8 (87.7–89.7)
Body Mass Index, mean (95% CI)	27.4 (27.0–27.8)	27.8 (27.6–27.9)	0.04
Comorbidities, mean (95% CI)	2.9 (2.9–3.0)	2.3 (2.3–2.3)	<0.001
Proxy Respondent, % (95% CI)			<0.001
No proxy	78.6 (76.1–81.0)	96.5 (96.1–96.9)
Proxy	21.3 (19.0–23.9)	3.5 (3.1–3.9)

CI: confidence interval, VI: vision impairment

^aData are presented as weighted proportions of US population of Medicare beneficiaries age ≥65, accounting for the study design of the National Health and Aging Trends Study

^bIncludes participants who self-reported near and/or distance vision impairment

^cP values are unadjusted and calculated using design-adjusted Pearson chi-squared test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous/ordinal variables.