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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2018 Nov 13;67(2):352–356. doi: 10.1111/jgs.15662

Table 1.

Association between each hospital-associated complication and shared risk factors, reported as odds ratios (95% confidence intervals).

Age 75+ Dependent ≥1 ADL at admission SPMSQ < 8 Falls in previous 6 months
Functional decline
(n=114)		 3.0 (1.9–4. 8)
p<0.0001		 3.5 (2.2–5.6)
p<0.0001		 2.0 (1.3–3.2)
p=0.004		 2.1 (1.4–3.3)
p=0.0008
Delirium
(n=66)		 2.6 (1.5–4.4)
p=0.0008		 1.6 (1.0–2.7)
p=0.06		 2.9 (1.7–4.8)
p<0.0001		 1.8 (1.1–2.9)
p=0.03
New incontinence
(n=54)		 1.7 (0.9–3.0)
p=0.09		 1.7 (0.9–3.0)
p=0.08		 2.1 (1.2–3.8)
p=0.01		 2.0 (1.1–3.6)
p=0.02
Fall
(n=30)		 0.8 (0.4–1.7)
p=0.62		 1.4 (0.7–2.9)
p=0.36		 2.1 (1.0–4.4)
p=0.04		 2.2 (1.1–4.6)
p=0.03
Pressure injury
(n=18)		 1.2 (0.5–2.7)
p=0.68		 1.9 (0.8–4.6)
p=0.13		 0.9 (0.4–2.4)
p=0.85		 1.1 (0.5–2.6)
p=0.79
Any HAC-OP
(n=192)		 2.4 (1.6–3.5)
p<0.0001		 2.2 (1.5–3.3)
p<0.0001		 2.8 (1.8–4.3)
p<0.0001		 2.1 (1.4–3.2)
p=0.0002

ADL activities of daily living; SPMSQ Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; HAC-OP hospital associated complications of older people