. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Feb 1.

Published in final edited form as: Psychol Aging. 2018 Sep 13;34(1):17–24. doi: 10.1037/pag0000288

Table 2.

Age relations, in standard deviation units per year, for longitudinal, cross-sectional, and quasi-longitudinal comparisons by cognitive ability domain and age decade

Age Group	Longitudinal	Cross-Sectional	Quasi-Longitudinal
Memory
20’s	.046^*	−.004	−.021
30’s	.018	−.023	−.016
40’s	.021^*	−.001	−.028
50’s	.016^*	−.002	−.033^*
60’s	−.003	−.027^*	−.042^*
70’s	−.045^*	−.035^*	−.058^*
80’s	−.080^*	−.062^*	−.097^*
25–45	.026^*	−.018^*	−.027^*
65–85	−.034^*	−.045^*	−.073^*
Speed
20’s	.046^*	.002	−.017
30’s	−.011	−.046^*	−.037^*
40’s	−.005	−.021	−.037^*
50’s	−.008	−.017	−.032^*
60’s	−.010	−.035^*	−.040^*
70’s	−.030^*	−.039^*	−.030
80’s	−.053^*	−.047^*	−.048
25–45	−.000	−.028^*	−.042^*
65–85	−.024^*	−.047^*	−.047^*
Reasoning
20’s	.054^*	−.009	−.019^*
30’s	.021	−.046^*	−.009
40’s	.019^*	.008	−.017
50’s	.008	−.007	−.025^*
60’s	.002	−.038^*	−.019^*
70’s	−.015	−.062^*	−.025^*
80’s	−.041	−.056^*	−.003
25–45	.028^*	−.025^*	−.012^*
65–85	−.014	−.049^*	−.025^*
Vocabulary
20’s	.048^*	.030^*	.008
30’s	.014^*	−.024	.000
40’s	.011^*	.038^*	−.010
50’s	.002	.024	−.017
60’s	−.006	−.010	−.018
70’s	−.026^*	−.014	−.009
80’s	−.039	−.012	.002
25–45	.020^*	.002	−.003
65–85	−.020^*	−.011^*	−.012

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