Table 3.
Mean Latent Growth Parameters and Mean Positive and Negative Substance Use Expectancies Across Waves 1–8
| Estimated Parameters | Waves 1 – 8 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | Slope | Wave 1 | Wave 2 | Wave 3 | Wave 4 | Wave 5 | Wave 6 | Wave 7 | Wave 8 | |
| M(SE) | M(SE) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | M(SD) | |
| Alcohol | ||||||||||
| PAE | 1.89(.02)*** | .07(.01)*** | 1.79(.89) | 1.92(.99) | 1.97(1.01) | 2.05(1.05) | 2.15(1.06) | 2.16(1.08) | 2.20(1.08) | 2.30(1.08) |
| NAE | 2.78(.03)*** | −.09(.01)*** | 2.85(1.03) | 2.72(1.10) | 2.67(1.10) | 2.52(1.12) | 2.60(1.08) | 2.53(1.09) | 2.46(1.09) | 2.44(1.06) |
| Tobacco | ||||||||||
| PTE | 1.27(.02)*** | .02(.01) | 1.25(0.56) | 1.28(0.62) | 1.30(0.65) | 1.32(0.67) | 1.33(0.68) | 1.32(0.67) | 1.33(0.68) | 1.36(0.71) |
| NTE | 3.25(.03)*** | −.07(.01)*** | 3.26(1.01) | 3.16(1.11) | 3.15(1.11) | 3.00(1.18) | 3.11(1.11) | 3.06(1.13) | 3.01(1.14) | 2.99(1.14) |
| Marijuana | ||||||||||
| PME | 1.67(.04)*** | .07(.02)*** | 1.61(0.94) | 1.76(1.04) | 1.80(1.08) | 1.83(1.10) | 1.90(1.11) | 1.93(1.12) | 1.99(1.14) | 2.07(1.15) |
| NME | 3.05(.03)*** | −.10(.01)*** | 3.09(1.11) | 2.90(1.17) | 2.88(1.18) | 2.74(1.23) | 2.77(1.18) | 2.69(1.19) | 2.64(1.18) | 2.57(1.17) |
Notes. M=Means. SE=Standard Error. SD=Standard Deviation. PAE=Positive Alcohol Expectancies, NAE=Negative Alcohol Expectancies; PTE=Positive Cigarette Expectancies, NTE=Negative Cigarette Expectancies; PME=Positive Marijuana Expectancies, NME=Negative Marijuana Expectancies. Unstandardized estimates from unadjusted models are provided. The response scale for the positive (e.g., “I think I might enjoy, experience pleasure, or feel good using alcohol”) and negative (“I think I might feel bad, sick, or embarrassed using alcohol”) expectancy questions were: 1=Strongly Disagree, 2=Disagree, 3=Agree, 4=Strongly Agree (Disagree > 2.5 > Agree).
p<.001
p<.01
p<.05.