Table 5.
Latent Growth Parameters and Covariates as Predictors of Substance Use Onset
| Alcohol | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
| B(SE) | OR (95% CI) | B(SE) | OR (95% CI) | |
| PAE Intercept | .64(.14)* | 1.90(1.40–2.41)* | .83(.12)* | 2.29(1.75–2.82)* |
| PAE Slope | 2.04(.43)* | 7.73(1.2–14.3)* | 1.61(.29)* | 4.99(2.12–7.87)* |
| NAE Intercept | −.08(.12) | .92(.70–1.15) | −.21(.14) | .98(.72–1.24) |
| NAE Slope | .46(.43) | 1.59(−.15–3.32) | −.31(.50) | .73(.03–1.44) |
| Sex | - | - | −.38(.11)* | .68(.53-.83)* |
| Age | - | - | .09(.14) | 1.10(.79–1.40) |
| Ethnicity | - | - | .05(.13) | 1.06(.78–1.33) |
| Living Situation | - | - | −.01(.12) | .99(.77–1.21) |
| Peer Drinking | - | - | −.03(.04) | .97(.90–1.04) |
| Parents' Education | - | - | −.01(.06) | .98(.86–1.10) |
| Tobacco | ||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B(SE) | OR (95% CI) | B(SE) | OR (95% CI) | |
| PTE Intercept | .78(.17)* | 2.18(1.45–2.91)* | .84(.29)* | 2.32(1.02–3.62)* |
| PTE Slope | 1.72(.33)* | 5.58(1.95–9.20)* | 2.67(.69)* | 14.84(−5.24–34.92) |
| NTE Intercept | −.33(.13)* | .72(.53-.91)* | −.39(.25) | 2.32(1.02–3.62) |
| NTE Slope | −.39(.42) | .68(.12–1.23) | .26(.83) | 1.30(−.81–3.42) |
| Sex | - | - | .13(.08) | 1.13(.95–1.32) |
| Age | - | - | .28(.11)* | 1.32(1.04–1.59)* |
| Ethnicity | - | - | .01(.01) | 1.00(.82–1.19) |
| Living Situation | - | - | −.01(.10) | 1.00(.83–1.67) |
| Peer Drinking | - | - | .05(.04) | 1.05(.97–1.34) |
| Parents' Education | - | - | .01(.05) | 1.01(.90–1.10) |
| Marijuana | ||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| B(SE) | OR (95% CI) | B(SE) | OR (95% CI) | |
| PME Intercept | .59(.10)* | 1.81(1.45–2.17)* | .68(2.12) | 1.96(−6.39–10.31) |
| PME Slope | .91(.28)* | 2.49(1.13–3.85)* | 1.17(16.81) | 3.22(−103.09–109.54) |
| NME Intercept | −.13(.11) | .88(.69–1.07) | −.13(.33) | .88(−4.87–6.63) |
| NME Slope | −.81(.39)* | .44(.11-.78)* | −.61(6.44) | .54(−6.33–7.42) |
| Sex | - | - | .04(.08) | 1.04(.87–1.21) |
| Age | - | - | .30(.10)* | 1.34(1.08–1.62) |
| Ethnicity | - | - | .10(.10) | 1.01(.89–1.31) |
| Living Situation | - | - | −.30(55.09) | 1.01(−.24–2.27) |
| Peer Drinking | - | - | −.01(1.64) | 23.14(9.14–37.15) |
| Parents' Education | - | - | −.005(.05) | .98(.88–1.07) |
Notes. PAE = Positive Alcohol Expectancies, NAE = Negative Alcohol Expectancies, PTE = Positive Tobacco Expectancies, NTE = Negative Tobacco Expectancies, PME = Positive Marijuana Expectancies, NME = Negative Marijuana Expectancies. Unadjusted = model without covariates, Adjusted = model with covariates. B = Unstandardized beta coefficient, SE = Standard Error, OR = Unstandardized Odds Ratio, 95% CI = 95% Confidence Interval (Lower Bound-Upper Bound). In each model, all latent growth parameters (e.g., intercepts and slopes of positive and negative expectancies) were derived from wave 1–4 data and were evaluated in the same model in the prediction of substance use onset that occurred in wave 5–8 (0=no initiation during wave 5–8; 1 = initiated during wave 5–8). Covariates include: sex [0=female, 1=male], age, ethnicity [0=Non-Hispanic White, 1=Hispanic], living situation [number of parents residing most of the time with the participants – coded 0=Mother and Father, 1=Other], peer drinking [how many of participants’ five closest friends use a substance], and parents’ level of education [0=parents did not complete some college; 1=one parent completed some college; 2=both parents completed some college]).
p <.05