Table 1.

Invertebrate glycosylation types and functions.

type		exemplary structure	main known functions	references
N-glycan			cell–cell adhesion, body growth, embryonic development and organ development	[14,17,18]
O-glycan	mucin-type O-glycan		cell adhesion, Golgi trafficking and organ development	[38,43]
	O-fucose glycan		Notch transport and signalling	[44–47,49–51]
	O-glucose glycan
	O-mannose glycan		growth and embryonic/organ development	[53,55,56]
	O-GlcNAc glycan		regulating transcription, protein functions and metabolism	[57–60]
glycosphingolipid glycan			host–pathogen interactions, cell recognition, development and modulating transmembrane signalling	[61–63]
glycosaminoglycan			host–pathogen interactions, embryogenesis, regenerative and developmental roles	[64–67]