Figure 3.

Effect sizes for lifetime offspring production of individual Daphnia infected with (a) fungal and (b) bacterial parasites, and (c) the co-infection treatment. Each point represents Glass's Δ calculated from the mean number of offspring produced by individuals in an infection treatment compared to the mean number of offspring produced by controls. Error bars represent standard error of mean. Note that there are no data for Metschnikowia infections for Daphnia reared on Anabaena, spiked Microcystis or Chlorella diets, because no individuals became infected. Not all individuals exposed to both parasites in the co-infection treatment became co-infected. (Abbreviations for algal names: Ana—Anabaena, Mic—Microcystis, Mic+—spiked Microcystis, Nod—Nodularia, Ank—Ankistrodesmus, Chla—Chlamydomonas, Chlo—Chlorella, Sce—Scenedesmus, Ulo—Ulothrix).