Table 2.
MAS therapies directed at cytokine blockade and disruption of cell–cell interactions.
| Reported cytokine target | Therapeutic mechanism | Example |
|---|---|---|
| IL-1 | IL-1 receptor antagonist | Anakinra, canakinumab (35) |
| IL-6 | Anti-IL-6R monoclonal Ab | Tocilizumab (36, 37) |
| IL-18 | IL-18 binding protein | Not commercially available (38) |
| CD28 | CTLA4-Ig | Abatacept (39) |
| JAK1/2 | JAK inhibitor | Tofacitinib (40) |
| Theoretical cytokine target | Proposed mechanism | Example |
| IL-10 | Recombinant IL-10 protein | None available (41) |
| IL-33 | Anti-IL-33R monoclonal Ab | None available (42) |
| IFNγ | Anti-IFNγ monoclonal Ab | None available (34, 43) |
TNF, tumor necrosis factor; Ab, antibody; IL, interleukin; R, receptor; CTLA, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4; Ig, immunoglobulin; JAK, Janus kinase; IFNγ, interferon-gamma.